Cách dùng To-Infinitive

GERUND
TO-INFINITIVE
1. Cách sử dụng
• Là chủ ngữ của câu: dancing bored him.
• Bổ ngữ của động từ: her hobby is painting.
• Là bổ ngữ: Seeing is believing.
• Sau giới từ: He was accused of smuggling.
• Sau một vài động từ: avoid, mind, enjoy,...
2. Một số cách dùng đặc biệt
+ Những động từ sau được theo sau bởi V-ing: admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, condiser, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy.
Ex:
- He admitted taking the money.
- Would you consider selling the property?
- He kept complaining.
- He didn't want to risk getting wet.
+ Verbs + prepositions: apologize for, accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate on, suspectof, look forward to, dream of, succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove of...
+ Gerund cũng theo sau những cụm từ như: 
- It's no use / It's no good...
- There's no point ( in)...
- It's ( not) worth ...
- Have difficult ( in) ...
- It's a waste of time/ money ...
- Spend/ waste time/money ...
- Be/ get used to ...
- Be/ get accustomed to ...
- Do/ Would you mind ... ?
- be busy doing something
- What about ... ? How about ...?
- Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming... )
Cách dùng To-infinitive:
1. Verb + to do
Những động từ sau được theo sau trực tiếp bởi to-infinitive: agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, endeavour, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer, expect, want, mean,...
Ex:
- She agreed to pay $50.
- Two men failed to return from the expedition.
- The remants refused to leave.
- She volunteered to help the disabled.
- He learnt to look after himself.
2. Verb + how/what/when/where/which/why + to do
Những động từ sử dụng công thức này là:
ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, think, understand, want to know, wonder...
Ex:
- He discovered how to open the safe.
- I found out where to buy fruit cheaply.
- She couldn't think what to say.
- I showed her which button to press.
3. Verb + Object + to do
Những động từ theo công thức này là:
advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, urge, want, tempt...
Ex:
- These glasses will enable you to see in the dark.
- She encouraged me to try again.
- They forbade her to leave the house.
- They persuaded us to go with them.
* Note: Một số động từ  có thể đi cùng với cả động từ nguyên thể và V-ing, hãy so sánh sự khác nhau về ý nghĩa giữ chúng.
Stop Ving: dừng làm gì (dừng hẳn)
Stop to do: dừng lại để làm việc gì
Ex:
- Stop smoking: dừng hút thuốc.
- Stop to smoke: dừng lại để hút thuốc
Remember/forget/regret to do: nhớ/quên/tiếc sẽ phải làm gì (ở hiện tại – tương lai)
Remember/forget/regret Ving: nhớ/quên/tiếc đã làm gì (ở quá khứ)
Ex:
- Remember to send this letter (hãy nhớ gửi bức thư này)
- Don’t forget to buy flowers (đừng quên mua hoa nhé)
- I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (tôi rất tiếc phải báo tin – cho anh rằng chuyến tàu đã bị hủy)
- I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2. (tôi nhớ đã trả cô ấy 2 đô la rồi)
- She will never forget meeting the Queen. (cô ấy không bao giờ quên lần gặp nữ hoàng)
- He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life. (Anh ấy hối tiếc vì đã bỏ học quá sớm)
Try to do: cố gắng làm gì
Try Ving: thử làm gì
Ex:
-  I try to pass the exam. (tôi cố gắng vượt qua kỳ thi)
- You should try unlocking the door with this key. (bạn nên thử mở cửa với chiếc khóa này)
Like Ving: Thích làm gì vì nó thú vị, hay, cuốn hút, làm để thường thức.
Like to do: làm việc đó vì nó là tốt và cần thiết
Ex:
- I like watching TV.
- I want to have this job. I like to learn English.
Prefer Ving to Ving
Prefer + to do smt + rather than (do) smt
Ex:
- I prefer driving to traveling by train.
- I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
Need to do: cần làm gì
Need doing: cần được làm gì (= need to be done)
Ex:
- I need to go to school today.
- Your hair needs cutting. (= your hair needs to be cut)
Used to do: đã từng/thường làm gì trong quá khứ (bây giờ không làm nữa)
Be/Get used to Ving: quen với việc gì (ở hiện tại)
Ex:
- I used to get up early when I was young. (Tôi thường dậy sớm khi còn trẻ)
- I’m used to getting up early. (Tôi quen với việc dậy sớm rồi)
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + todo: khuyên/cho phép/ đề nghị ai làm gì.
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Ving: khuyên/cho phép, đề nghị làm gì.
Ex:
- He advised me to apply at once.
- He advised applying at once.
- They don’t allow us to park here.
- They don’t allow parking here.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + Ving: cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói chỉ chứng kiến 1 phần của hành động.
See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: cấu trúc này được sử dụng khi người nói chứng kiến toàn bộ hành động.
Ex:
- I see him passing my house everyday.
- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
- We saw him leave the house.
- I heard him make arrangements for his journey.
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive)
Look! Sara (go) is going to the movies.
On her right hand, Sara (carry) is carrying her handbag.
The handbag (be) is very beautiful.
Sara usually (put) puts on black shoes but now she (wear) is wearing white trainers.
And look, she (take) is taking an umbrella because it (rain) is raining
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect)
When he (wake up) woke up , his mother (already /prepare) had already prepared breakfast
We (go) went to London because our friends (invite) had invited us
He (hear) heard the news, (go) went to the telephone and (call) called a friend.
When she (start) started learning English she (already /learn) had already learned French.
Jane (already / type) had already typed three pages when her computer (crash) crashed .
By the time the doctor (arrive) arrived at the house the patient ( die) had died .
Before that day we (never / think) had never thought of traveling to Japan.
I (know) had known him a long time before I (meet) met his family.
They (not / know) did not know where to meet because nobody (tell) had told them.
It (be) had been / 'd been cloudy for days before it (begin) began to rain.
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect).
I (just / finish) have just finished my homework.
Mary (already / write) has already written five letters.
Tom (move) moved to his home town in 1994.
My friend (be) was in Canada two years ago.
I (not / be) have not been to Canada so far.
But I (already / travel) have already traveled to London a couple of times.
Last week, Mary and Paul (go) went to the cinema.
I can't take any pictures because I (not /buy) have not bought a new film yet.
(they / spend) Did they spend their holidays in Paris last summer?
(you / ever / see ) Have you ever seen a whale?
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).
The receptionist (welcome) welcomed the guests and (ask) asked them to fill in the form
The car (break) broke down and we (have) had to walk home.
The boys (swim) were swimming while the girls (sunbath) were sunbathing .
My father (come) came in, (look) looked and (tell) told me to tidy up my room.
While one group (prepare) was preparing dinner the others (collect) were collecting wood for the campfire.
While the parents (have) were having breakfast the children (run) were running about.
Martha (turn) turned off the light and (go) went to bed.
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple future or future perfect)
Tomorrow I think I (start) will start my new project.
I (finish) will have finished it by the end of this month.
The teacher (probably/assign) will probably assign  a test to his students next Monday.
He (correct) will have corrected  it by the end of next week.
My friend (certainly/get) will certainly get  a good mark.
By 9 o'clock, we (finish) will have finished our homework.
They (leave) will have left the classroom by the end of the hour.
I think I (start) will start my trip tomorrow