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ther 'to kill' or 'to move quickly and vigorously'
 since the sixties. The sense defined here is essentially a
 specialized application of the second of these two branches of
 meaning, but when applied to live television it is influenced by
 the first branch--the remote control device is used like a ray
 gun, and the effectiveness of the advertisements is destroyed if
 people zap through other channels while they are on.
 History and Usage: This sense of zap arose in the mid eighties,
 when many television sets became available with remote control
 (in other words, they became zappable) and there were the first
 signs of a boom in domestic video. The action noun zapping
 arose at about the same time; at first, a zapper was a person
 who did this, but by the end of the decade it had also become a
 standard name for the remote control device itself.
 For the ITV companies there is the additional problem of
 'zapping' to contend with--the habitual use of the
 fast-forward button to bypass the commercial breaks in
 recorded material.
 Listener 9 Feb. 1984, p. 14
 The television remote controller or 'thingy' which
 Christopher Croft (letter, 18 January) is at a loss to
 name, is the enabling device for the practice of
 'zapping', whereby Channel 4 News and Wogan can be
 viewed simultaneously. In our household the thingy is
 called 'Frank', after the eponymous rock star, Frank
 Zappa.
 Independent 19 Jan. 1989, p. 27
 The decade was also marked by gizmos that accelerated
 our daily lives: food was nukable; TVs, zappable; mail,
 faxable.
 Life Fall 1989, p. 13
 The remote control is small and handy...It's almost
 identical to Tatung's Astra-box zapper.
 What Satellite July 1990, p. 120
 26.2 zero
 zero adjective (Politics)
 In the names of disarmament proposals:
 zero option, a proposal made in the early eighties for the US to
 cancel plans to deploy longer-range theatre nuclear weapons in
 Europe if Soviet longer-range weapons were also withdrawn;
 zero zero option (or double zero option or simply double zero),
 a proposal made by the Soviet Union for the withdrawal from
 Europe of all NATO and Soviet shorter- and longer-range nuclear
 weapons (made a reality in 1987 under the terms of the INF
 treaty);
 triple zero option (or simply triple zero), a proposal to
 include short-range tactical weapons as well.
 Etymology: All based on the idea of zero as representing
 'nothing', although, strictly speaking, none of the proposals
 would do away with all weapons.
 History and Usage: The original zero option dates from the
 beginning of the eighties, when some European countries felt
 very uneasy about the build-up of theatre nuclear weapons on
 both sides of the Iron Curtain; the term was revived in relation
 to the control of these longer-range INF weapons in the mid
 eighties. Double zero was a Soviet proposal of 1986-7, made at
 a time when the cold war was visibly thawing under Mr
 Gorbachev's administration in the Soviet Union; it was
 essentially put into practice (for Europe at least) by the INF
 treaty. There remains some pressure to move on to the global
 double zero, which would extend the provisions to weapons held
 outside Europe. Triple zero involves even shorter-range
 weapons, which some European countries still see as a worrying
 threat.
 If Pershing II and Cruise are...to be negotiated away
 under the zero-zero option, and if Polaris is truly
 obsolescent...then the Labour Party 'unilateral' policy
 seems to differ very little in substance from that of
 the Alliance.
 New Scientist 16 Apr. 1987, p. 49
 If we said yes to zero option, we said yes, yes to
 double zero option, and who knows, there may be a triple
 zero option involved in tactical neutral weapons.
 MacNeil/Lehrer NewsHour 22 Apr. 1987
 The further offer was formalised in Moscow last March,
 when Mr Gorbachev proposed to Mr George Schultz that all
 SRINF category weapons be removed from Europe. Because
 the LRINF proposal had been called the 'zero option',
 the joint scheme has come to be called the 'double
 zero'. 'Double zero' is, nonetheless, an inexact term,
 because 'single zero' would leave the superpowers with
 100 missiles each, as long as they were held in Asiatic
 Russia and the continental United States respectively.
 Daily Telegraph 21 May 1987, p. 16
 Eduard Shevardnadze emphasised that in the Soviet Union
 the fact is appreciated that Spain was among the first
 West European States which supported the double zero for
 Europe and then also the global double zero.
 BBC Summary of World Broadcasts 22 Jan. 1988, p. SU/A7
 26.3 Zidovudine...
 Zidovudine
 noun Also written zidovudine (Health and Fitness)
 The approved name of the anti-viral drug AZT, used in the
 management of Aids.
 Etymology: The first part, zido-, and the ending, -dine, are
 taken from the chemical name azidodeoxythymidine, but it is not
 clear why the syllable -vu- was added.
 History and Usage: The name Zidovudine has been in use since
 1987, but the drug remains popularly known as AZT (see the
 comments at AZT). Zidovudine itself is sometimes abbreviated to
 ZDV.
 Acyclovir is already in use, in combination with
 Zidovudine (formerly AZT), for Aids patients.
 Guardian 7 July 1989, p. 3
 Every week I watch AIDS patients deteriorate and waste
 away despite Zidovudine (ZDV) therapy.
 Nature 14 June 1990, p. 574
 ZIFT acronym Also written Zift (Health and Fitness) (Science and
 Technology)
 Short for zygote intra-fallopian transfer, a technique for
 helping infertile couples to conceive, in which a zygote (a
 fertilized egg which has been allowed to begin developing into
 an embryo) is re-implanted into one of the woman's Fallopian
 tubes after fertilization with her partner's sperm outside the
 body.
 Etymology: The initial letters of Zygote Intra-Fallopian
 Transfer. In scientific terms, a zygote is a cell formed by the
 union of two gametes (see GIFT).
 History and Usage: The technique was developed during the
 second half of the eighties as a further refinement of GIFT,
 offering greater certainty of establishing a pregnancy. However,
 unlike GIFT, it takes fertilization outside the body once again,
 and is therefore open to the same ethical or religious
 objections as IVF.
 A new variation, zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT),
 may further improve GIFT's odds. The egg is fertilized
 in a petri dish, and the embryo is placed in the
 fallopian tube about 18 hours later. ZIFT has been tried
 on fewer than 50 couples, so it is too soon to measure
 its success.
 US News & World Report 3 Apr. 1989, p. 75
 On this occasion, I was being treated with a variation
 of Gift, called Zift (Zygote intrafallopian transfer),
 in which the eggs and sperm are mixed outside the body
 and then replaced in the tube.
 Independent 15 Jan. 1991, p. 17
 26.4 zouave...
 zouave adjective and noun (Lifestyle and Leisure)
 adjective: Of trousers for women: cut wide at the top, with
 folds of material at the hips, and tapered into a narrow ankle.
 noun: (In the plural zouaves) women's trousers of this design.
 Etymology: Named after the Algerian Zouave regiment of the
 French army, who wore a uniform with trousers of this shape
 (known as peg-top trousers) in the middle of the nineteenth
 century.
 History and Usage: This is an example of an old word which has
 been revived in modern fashion and applied in a slightly
 different context. In the late nineteenth century there was a
 fashion for garments of various kinds (particularly women's
 short jackets and men's peg-top trousers) which copied the
 uniform of the Zouave regiment and were known as Zouave jacket,
 Zouave trousers, etc. When wide-topped, draped trousers became a
 fashion item for women in the 1980s, the word was reapplied to
 them, and this time round also came to be used as a noun in its
 own right.
 First came the ankle-length Zouaves, looking a bit like
 baggies gone berserk, worn under two layers of fitted,
 belted coats with full skirts, Russian peasant hats with
 tassels and ankle-high boots. Then came the shorter
 Zouaves, like knee-length bloomers.
 Washington Post 22 Apr. 1981, section B, p. 3
 Zouave pants with elasticated waist and two pockets.
 Grattan Direct Catalogue Spring-Summer 1989, p. 218
 zouk noun (Music) (Youth Culture)
 An exuberant style of popular music originating in Guadeloupe in
 the French Antilles and combining ethnic and Western elements.
 Etymology: Reputedly a borrowing from Guadeloupean creole zouk,
 a verb meaning 'to party', possibly influenced by US slang juke
 or jook 'to have a good time'.
 History and Usage: Zouk was developed by Guadeloupean
 musicians in Paris at the end of the seventies as a deliberate
 attempt to construct a distinctive Antillean style of popular
 music which could hold its own against Western pop. It was also
 designed to compete with disco music, especially in Paris, where
 its main proponents (a group named Kassav) have been
 popularizing it during the eighties. It was only towards the end
 of the decade that zouk started to get exposure in the UK and
 the US. Zouk is often used attributively, especially in zouk
 music, and occasionally forms the basis for derivatives such as
 zoukish.
 His latest, 'Kilimandjaro' (AR1000) nosedives into
 held-back zoukish rhythms that never let go, wimpy
 vocals and over the top arrangements.
 Blues & Soul 3 Feb. 1987, p. 27
 Tonight, the first ever zouk on British soil kicks off
 this year's Camden Festival International Arts
 programme...Zouk, especially Kassav, is the pulse of
 Paris streets and the soundtrack for her nightclubs.
 Guardian 24 Mar. 1987, p. 11
 26.5 Zuppie
 Zuppie (People and Society) see woopie
 26.6 zygote intra-fallopian transfer
 zygote intra-fallopian transfer
 (Health and Fitness) (Science and Technology) see ZIFT