Tiếng Anh thông dụng ở Australia - Loạt 2 - Bài 18: talking about the past - continued

Dialogue:

TERRY:

The first Australian were the Aborigines. They've been living here

for more than 40,000 years.

The Aborigines had been living here for 40,000 years when the

white people came.

James Cook found Botany Bay in 1770.

Dutch traders had landed on the Australian coastline before Cook

found Botany Bay.

Britain decided to send convicts to Botany Bay.

Before that convicts had been sent to America.

The first fleet left Britain in 1787.

The first fleet had been sailing for eight months when arrived at

Botany Bay. There were a thousand people on board. Three

quarters of them were convicts.

Thousands of convicts were sent to Australia. Many of them had

been convicted of very small crimes.

In 1901, Australia became a nation. Before that it had been

governed by Britain.

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 EVERYDAY ENGLISH FROM AUSTRALIA – Series 2 
TIẾNG ANH THÔNG DỤNG Ở AUSTRALIA – Loạt 2 
Bài 18: talking about the past - continued (nói về thời quá khứ - tiếp theo) 
Part 1 - THE DIALOGUE (đối thoại) 
Anh Terry kể cho các bạn nghe về những người Úc đầu tiên (thổ dân). 
Dialogue: 
TERRY: The first Australian were the Aborigines. They've been living here for more than 40,000 years. 
The Aborigines had been living here for 40,000 years when the 
white people came. 
James Cook found Botany Bay in 1770. 
Dutch traders had landed on the Australian coastline before Cook 
found Botany Bay. 
Britain decided to send convicts to Botany Bay. 
Before that convicts had been sent to America. 
The first fleet left Britain in 1787. 
The first fleet had been sailing for eight months when arrived at 
Botany Bay. There were a thousand people on board. Three 
quarters of them were convicts. 
Thousands of convicts were sent to Australia. Many of them had 
been convicted of very small crimes. 
In 1901, Australia became a nation. Before that it had been 
governed by Britain. 
Part 2 - VOCABULARY (từ vựng) 
Botany Bay 
[ 'bɒtəni 'beI ] 
vịnh Botany 
 Dutch traders 
[ 'dʌtʃ 'treIdəz ] 
các thương gia Hà Lan 
The First Fleet 
[ θə 'fɜst 'flit ] 
Hạm đội Số Một 
a coastline 
[ 'koʊstlaIn ] 
bờ biển 
a colony 
[ 'kɒlənI ] 
thuộc địa 
a convict 
[ 'kɒnvIkt ] 
tù nhân 
a crime 
[ 'kraIm ] 
tội ác, tội phạm 
a nation 
[ 'neIʃən ] 
quốc gia 
three-quarters 
[ 'ðri kwɔtəz ] 
ba phần tư 
to convict 
[ kən'vIkt ] 
kết án 
to decide 
[ də' saId ] 
quyết định 
to govern 
[ 'gʌvɛn ] 
cai trị 
to land 
[ 'lænd ] 
đổ bộ, đặt chân lên 
to sail 
[ 'seIl ] 
chạy trên biển, đi thuyền buồm, đi bằng 
đường biển. 
 Part 3 – LESSON: talking about the past (nói về thời quá khứ) 
Khi muốn nói về một sự việc diễn ra trong quá khứ trước khi một sự việc khác xảy ra, chúng ta 
dùng thời quá khứ hoàn thành. Thí dụ: 
Dutch traders had landed before Cook. Các thương gia Hà lan đặt chân tới trước 
thuyền trưởng Cook. 
Đối với sự việc diễn ra sau, chúng ta dùng động từ ở thời quá khứ đơn giản. 
Khi muốn nói một sự việc diễn ra ở quá khứ và tiếp tục diễn ra khi sự việc thứ hai xảy ra, và có 
thể vẫn còn tiếp tục, chúng ta dùng thời quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn. Thí dụ: 
The Aborigines had been living here when 
the white people came. 
Người thổ dân đã và đang sống ở đây khi 
người da trắng tới. 
The First Fleet had been sailing for eight 
months when it arrived at Botany Bay. 
Hạm đội Số Một đã đi trong tám tháng 
mới tới vịnh Botany. 
Part 4 - PRONUNCIATION (phát âm) 
Trong tiếng Anh có một số từ có chữ viết giống nhau nhưng mang chức năng ngữ pháp khác 
nhau và có cách đọc khác nhau. Thí dụ: 
convict (noun) 
Khi là danh từ thì từ được nhấn ở âm tiết thứ 
nhất. 
convict (verb) 
Khi là động từ thì được nhấn ở âm tiết thứ 
hai. 
Bạn hãy luyện đọc các từ sau: 
produce (noun) produce (verb) 
conduct (noun) conduct (verb) 
progress (noun) progress (verb) 
Part 5 - PRACTICE (luyện tập) 
Bạn hãy viết một đoạn ngắn về lịch sử Việt Nam. Trong khi viết, đề nghị các bạn cố gắng sử 
dụng thời quá khứ hoàn thành và quá khứ hoàn thành tiến diễn. 
Part 6 – THE SERIAL (chuyện đọc từng kỳ) 
Vocabulary: 
a research document 
[ rə 'sɜtʃ dɒkjumənt ] 
tài liệu nghiên cứu 
Episode 18: 
When Mandy appeared next morning, I could see that she'd been crying. There 
was nothing I could do to help her. Ben Morris had been arrested, and Mandy was 
heart-broken. I suggested that she should stay at home, but she decided to go to work 
as usual. She said that she'd be working late. 
I didn't believe that Ben Morris was a criminal, but he had been working closely 
with Cotton… No, I didn't believe it, and neither did Judy. That night Judy and I had just 
finished dinner when the phone rang. I answered it. I recognised the voice immediately. 
It was Diana. 
'Mandy is here with me,' she said. 'So far she's all right…' I tried to interrupt. 
'Diana… ' I began. 'The name is Pamela,' she said coldly. 'Diana is in Hong 
Kong. She'll be all right if she's sensible. Now listen. We want Cotton's research 
documents. If you don't give them to us, Mandy will be killed. Is that clear?' 
'I don't have any documents…' I began, but Pamela said, 'You know what we 
want. Find them! Now listen carefully. Take the documents to 17 Ring Street, Richmond 
at mid-day tomorrow. And don't tell the police.' 
'I don't have any documents… ' I said again, but Pamela had gone. I told Judy 
what Pamela had said, and we agreed that there was only one thing to do. We would 
ring Detective Baker, and ask his advice. Detective Baker was sympathetic. He thought 
for a while, and then he said that he'd leave the briefcase at the hotel that night. He told 
me to collect it next morning, and do exactly as Pamela had instructed. I told him I'd do 
as he said, and I though that this was the worst day of my life… so far. I didn't like the 
look of the next day, either. 
END OF LESSON 18 
COPYRIGHT NOTICE: 
'Everyday English From Australia' lessons were funded by AusAID (the Australian 
Government's aid agency) and produced by Radio Australia Vietnamese Service in co-
operation with Voice of Vietnam. Script advice was provided by the English Language Centre, 
Victoria University (Melbourne). 
'Everyday English From Australia' lessons form part of English learning content of BayVut 
website (www.bayvut.com) – a service provided by Radio Australia. 

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