Lesson 2 The past simple and the present perfect (Thì quá khứ đơn và thì hiện tại hoàn thành)

LESSON 2
The past simple and the present perfect 
(Thì quá khứ đơn và thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
A. The past simple (Thì quá khứ đơn)
I. Cấu trúc
Động từ thường
Động từ To be
(+) S + Ved/ Phân từ 1(cột 2 trong bảng Động từ BQT)
(-)  S + didn’t + V
(?) Did + S + V ?
(+) S + was/were +...
(-) S + was/ were + not +...
(?) Was/ were + S +...
II. Cách dùng
1. Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại 1 thời gian xác định trong quá khứ, không còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại
Một số từ chỉ thời gian thường dùng: yesterday, at that moment, last week, 2 years ago...
- He went to Hà Nội last year
- I and Mary bought these shirts yesterday
- He was a driver 3 years ago. Now he isn’t.
B. The present continuous (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
I. Cấu trúc
+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has not + PII
(?) Have/ Has + S + PII
II. Cách dùng
1. Hành động xảy ra kéo dài từ quá khứ đến hiện tại và còn có thể tiếp diễn trong tương lai
- I’ve traveled to many countries in the world
- Tom’s never loved any girls 
- Jones has lived in that house for 20 years
2. Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và để lại KẾT QUẢ trong hiện tại
- Where’s your bag? I don’t know. I’ve lost it.
- I don’t see Sally anywhere. She’s gone
NOTE:
a. FOR & SINCE
For + Khoảng thời gian (được bao nhiêu thời gian rồi)
Since + Mốc thời gian ( kể từ khi nào)
- We’ve known each other for 2 years.
- I haven’t seen Carol for ages.
- She hasn’t visited me since May.
- I’ve lived in Italy since 1998.
b. JUST, ALREADY & YET
* Just: vừa mới
- She’s just come back from her holiday
- Do you know where Robert is? Yes, I’ve just seen him.
* Already: đã rồi
- What time is Tim leaving? He’s already gone.
- Is Kate coming to the cinema with us? No, she’s already seen the film.
* Yet: chưa
- He hasn’t read today newspaper yet.
- Have you got the ticket yet?
c. EVER & NEVER
Ever: đã từng 
Never: chưa từng, chưa bao giờ
- Have you ever played football? No, never
- He has never given me a gift
- Has he ever stayed alone in a forest? Yes, ever.
d. FIRST TIME, SECOND TIME...
- This is the first time I’ve loved a man
- I’ve already seen this film. It’s the fourth time I’ve seen it.
- This is the second time she’s moved house.
e. TODAY, THIS WEEK, THIS MORNING...
- Mary’s done a lot of work today
- I haven’t watched any football matches this week
- Have you had a holiday this year?
Present perfect and past simple
I. Use the correct verb forms and FOR or SINCE.
1. I .........  (not have) time to do any typing..... Monday.
2. The boy .......  (wear) the same old clothes ......... a week.
3. He ........  (not ride) a bike...... 2000.
4. It .........  (not show) here................... ages.
5. They ...... .. (live) in that house ............. it was built.
6. My neighbor.................... (not speak) to me .......  more than two months.
7. She...........  (wait) for you ........ two hours and a half. 
8. My father.............  (not get) enough exercise............ his last operation.
9. Our sister .... . (apply) for jobs.  she left school last summer.
II. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. I have been in Mexico during the summer of 1998.
2. Three years ago I had been a student at a university in New York.
3. We took the bus downtown, did a few errands, and had gone to lunch.
4. The doctor had seen ten patients since 8 o’clock this morning. 
5. He is studying English for the last 5 years. 
6. I am studying here since August. 
7. We have met several fascinating people at the conference last week. 
8. Once upon a time a beautiful princess has lived in a castle.
9. I’ve been owning this answer phone for three years.
10. They haven’t been selling all tickets for the Cup Final yet.
III. Use the correct verb form
1. A few days ago I (learn)....................that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn. This pub (be)..................the centre of the village life for the centuries. It (stand) ........................at our crossroads for 500 years. It (be) ..............famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (stay) ................there, they say. I (live) ............................in Brickfield all my life. The villagers (know) ................about the plan for less than a week and already there’s a “Save our Pub” campaign. Last week we (be)...............happy, but this week we are angry. We will stop them, you’ll see.
2.
 A: (you/finish) .........................................your homework yet?
B: No. I (not/start).......................................it yet. How about you?
A: I (already/do).....................................it. I (finish)........................it an hour ago.
3. Where (you/be) .....................................since you (leave).......................the party?
4. The house looks nice. Who (decorate)...........................it?
5. (She/have)...............................a holiday this year? No, not yet.
6. This is the second time we (visit) .................................Dalat.