Cause and effect essay

CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAYDefinitionOrganizationSentence patterns and language materialsDEFINITIONCauses are the reasons why an event happened. Most events result from a number of causes, which do not necessary related. In cause paper, just develop only those causes that are closely related in time to the event. It means that you should not cite a cause that happened 12 years earlier. Also beware of false causal relationship. Ex: You should not mention that the cause of your obesity is the hobby of collecting stamps. exampleCountless bills to pay for 	Needs a professional care My father’s welfare 	 	-> Putting my mother in the nursing homeEffects are the results of a particular occurrence. The effects should be distinct and separate from one another. Furthermore, the effects should not be too distant in time, too.Example:	----> Have little privacy	Being a Celebrity	------> Be under constant pressure	------> Have no safety	Distinguish Between Cause and Effect	To determine causes, ask, "Why did this happen?" 	To identify effects, ask, "What happened because of this?“- example of one cause producing one effect: CAUSE	You are out of gas.EFFECT 	Your car won't start. CAUSE	People clear land for agriculture 	by cutting down tree.EFFECT	The topsoil washes away.	- Sometimes, many causes contribute to a single effect CAUSES 	like business in high school 	salary in the field is high 	my aunt is an accountant 	good with numbers 	EFFECT 	Choose major in accounting 	- Many effects may result from a single cause CAUSE	Reduce work hours 	EFFECTS	Less income 	 	Employer is irritated 	 	More time to study 	 	More time for family and friends chain of cause and effect- an effect becomes the cause of another effect - - that effect becomes the cause of still another effect, and so on ...Example of a chain reaction:CAUSE	People move into new areas and clear land for 	agriculture by cutting down trees.	EFFECT	 The tree roots no longer hold the soil in place.	CAUSE	 The tree roots don’t hold the soil in place.	EFFECT	The topsoil washes away during heavy rains.	CAUSE	The topsoil washes away during heavy rains.	EFFECT	There is no good soil to grow crops in.	CAUSE	There is no good soil to grow crops in.	EFFECT	People move to new areas and clear land by cutting 	down trees. HOW TO WRITEThesis statement *	Make it clear to the readers whether the essay is being developed by cause or by effect. It does not have to be persuasive. *	A paper for a causal analysis - states briefly the causes to be discussed. - key question: “What caused this?” Ex: Child violence is caused by lack of parental attention, parental abuse and parental immaturity	*	A paper for an effect analysis - states the central idea. - key question: “What effects result from this cause?”Ex: Watching violent films has a great impact on the child’s psychological and physiological condition.bodyWarning* immediate (called direct) causes/effects Ex: The causes for my fear of the water - I can not swim (immediate cause). -My mother had an unreasonable fear of the water (remote cause). * remote (called indirect) causes/effects Ex: The effects of watching TV- More people get eyestrain (immediate effect). -People get fat (remote effect). Organization* spend one body paragraph on each of the causes/effects- this paragraph provides explanation, facts  any evidences that show how it contributes to the effect. - this paragraph provides explanation that shows the relationship between the cause and the effect.* the body paragraphs can be arranged: - order of importance (the most important last)- order of interest (less interesting to more interesting)- order of familiarity (obvious to less obvious) - order of time (Chronological order) Details are arranged in the order in which the events occurred. - categorical: details are arranged by dividing the topic into parts or categoriesExamplesThesis statement: Air pollution is caused by the following factors: exhaust gases from cars, uncontrolled factory releases, and burning of low-quality coal for heating.Body:P1: Exhausts Gases From Car A. government does not have enough control B. citizens are not conscientious	P2. Uncontrolled Factory Gases A. no regular checks on gases released B. factories are inside the borders of residential areas	P3. Burning of Low- Quality Coal for Heating A. no governmental control B. other forms of energy too expensive Conclusion:Sentence patterns and language materialsWords and phrases that show the cause:- Because - Because of- Due to - One cause is - Another is - Since- As - For - To result from- To be the result of- The effect of- The consequence of- As a result of- As a consequence of  Words and phrases that show the effects:- Consequently - As a result- As a consequence- Thus- Hence- Resulted in- One result is- Another is - Therefore- So- To result in- To cause- To have an effect on- To affect- The cause of- The reason for Structures showing cause and effect	leads to	results in (daãn ñeán kquaû) NOUNNOUN	results from (do bôûi)	causes	has an effect onEx: 	Smoking causes lung cancer.	Lack of exercise can lead to poor healthTHANK YOU FOR LISTENING