Tiếng Anh cơ bản nâng cao

s such a kind girl that everybody loves her. 
23. S + V + SO MANY + Plural Countable NOUN + THAT – CLAUSE
	 	 SO MUCH + Singular Uncountable NOUN	
	Ex : He has so many books that he can’t read all of them.
	Ex : There was so much noise that I couln’t sleep.
24. IT + BE + NOT UNTIL … THAT - CLAUSE = cho đến … mới
	Ex : He didn’t become a doctor until 1990.
	=> It was not until 1990 that he became a doctor.
	Ex She won’t get married until 2008.
	=> It is not until 2008 she will get married.
25. S + V + NOT ONLY + NOUN	 + BUT ALSO + NOUN
	 ADJECTIVE	 ADJECTIVE
	 ADVERB	 ADVERB
	 PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE	 PRE.P PHRASE
 không những … mà còn
 0r S + NOT ONLY + VERB + BUT ALSO ( BUT … AS WELL ) + VERB 
	Ex : Robert is not only talented but also handsome.
	Ex : Beth plays not only the guitar but also the violin.
	Ex : Joln not only plays the piano but also composes music.
	Ex : She is not only beatiful but also kind. She is not only beatiful but kind as well.
26. BECAUSE + CLAUSE ( SUBJECT + VERB )
 BECAUSE OF + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
Ex : He is absent because he is sick . He is absent because of his sickness.
Ex : Because it rained heavily, they didn’t go to work.
 Because of the heavy rain, they didn’t go to work.
27. NOUN	 NOUN	 
 S + V + ADJECTIVE	 + AS WELL AS + ADJECTIVE
	 ADVERB	 	 ADVERB
	 PREP. PHRASE	 PREP. PHRASE
 ( CŨNG NHƯ )
 or SUBJECT + V + AS WELL AS + VERB
	Ex : Robert is talented as well as handsome.
	Ex : Paul Anka plays the piano as well as composes music.
28. Causative Form: Thể sai khiến	
GET
SOMEONE
TO - Infinitive
HAVE
V(bare infinitive)
	EX : He got Daisy to move this chair away.
	Ex : They had me go to the market to buy some food.
GET
SOMETHING
V ed / V3
BY SOMEONE
HAVE
	Ex : She got her car repaired by Peter.
	Ex : Why didn’t you have your house painted ?
 29. 	TOO + ADJ / ADV + TO – Infinitive
	Ex : He is too young to go to school. He is so young that he can’t go to school.
	Ex : You run too fast for me to keep pace with . You run so fast that I can’t keep pace with.
	ADJ / ADV + ENOUGH + TO – Infinitive 
	ENOUGH + NOUN + TO - Infinitive
	 Ex : He is not old enough to get married.
	Ex : I don’t have enough money to invite her to eat at a five - star restaurant.
 31. 	SO + ADJ + AS + TO – Infinitive
	Ex : He was so foolish as to leave his family.
	Ex : Would you be so good as to send my letter ?
………………………………………….. *** ………………………………………………
LESSON 9
DEREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
( CÁC MỨC ĐỘ SO SÁNH CỦA TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ )
I / EQUAL COMPARISON ( SO SÁNH BẰNG )
S + V + AS + ADJECTIVE + AS + NOUN ( PRONOUN )
	ADVERB
	Ex : Mai is as tall as Lan.
	Ex : This house is as expensive as that one.
	Ex : She studies as hard as I.
	Ex : They drive as carefully as we. 
* Ý BẰNG NHAU, NHƯ NHAU CÓ THỂ ĐƯỢC DIỄN ĐẠT CÁCH KHÁC:
S + V + THE SAME + ( NOUN ) + AS + NOUN ( PRONOUN )
	Ex : My house is as high as his. My house is the same height as his.
	Ex : Tom is as old as Mary. Tom and Mary are the same age.
II / UNQUAL COMPARISON ( SO SÁNH KHÔNG BẰNG )
S + BE + NOT + AS + ADJECTIVE + AS + NOUN ( PRONOUN )
	NOT + V + SO	 ADVERB
	Ex : Mai is not as tall as Alice.
	Ex : We are not so intelligent as they.
	Ex : He didn’t work as carefully as they last year.
	Ex : I don’t speak English so fluently as you. 
III / SUPERIOR COMPARISONS ( SO SÁNH HƠN ) 
A / SUPERIOR COMPARISON WITH SHORT ADJECTIVE AND ADERB 
	( SO SÁNH HƠN VỚI TÍNH TỪ NGẮN VÀ TRẠNG TỪ NGẮN ) 
 S1 + V + ADJECTIVE + ER + THAN + S2
 ADVERB
	Ex : Alice is taller than Daisy.
	Ex : She is better at cooking than I.
	Ex : They studied harder than we last school year.
	Ex : He is very lazy. He studies worse than we.
B / SUPERIOR COMPARISON WITH LONG ADJECTIVE AND ADERB 
	( SO SÁNH HƠN VỚI TÍNH TỪ DÀI VÀ TRẠNG TƯ DÀI ) 
 S1 + V + MORE + ADJECTIVE + THAN + S2
 ADVERB
	Ex : She is more beautiful than I.
	Ex : They are more careful than we.
	Ex : They drive more dangerously than we.
B / INPERIOR COMPARISON WITH LONG ADJECTIVE AND ADERB 
	( SO SÁNH KÉM HƠN VỚI TÍNH TỪ DÀI VÀ TRẠNG TƯ DÀI ) 
 S1 + V + LESS + AJECTIVE + THAN + S2
 ADVERB
	Ex : He is less intelligent than Helen.
	Ex : They sing less beautifully than Dan Truong.
* Note: LESS IS NOT USED IN SUPERIOR COMPARISON WITH SHORT ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB
 ( LESS không được dùng trong so sánh hơn với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn )
	Ex : Incorrect : This house is less large than that one.
 	 Correct : This house is not as large as that one.
IV / DOUBLE COMPARATIVES ( SO SÁNH KÉP )
1. S + V + ADJ / ADV + ER + AND + ADJ / ADV + ER
 ( Mỗi ngày một, càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một ……… ) 
	Ex : Betty is younger and younger.
	Ex : The river gets bigger and bigger.
2. S + V + MORE AND MORE + LONG ADJ / ADV
 ( Tính từ dài, trạng từ dài ) 
 ( Mỗi ngày một, càng ngày càng, mỗi lúc một ……… ) 	
	Ex : Her story was more and more attractive.
	Ex : She becomes more and more beautiful. 
	Ex : They drive more and more carefully.
3. S + V + LESS AND LESS + LONG ADJ OR SHORT ADJ 
	 ( Càng ngày càng ít, càng ngày càng kém, mỗi lúc một ít ) 
	Ex : The storm is less and less violent.
	Ex : It is less and less cold.
	Ex : He is less and less studious.
THE + ADJ + ER + S + V , THE + ADJ + ER + S + V 
 ( Lối này áp dụng cho tính từ ngắn )
 …………………Càng ……………………… ( thì ) càng ……………………………
	Ex : The older he gets, the weaker he is.
	Ex : The wiser he is, the humble (khiêm nhường) he is. 
5. THE MORE + ADJ + S + V , THE MORE + ADJ + S + V
 ………………………………Càng ……………………… ( thì ) càng ………………………………………
 Ex : The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her parents are.
 Ex : The more miserable he is, the more diligent ( siêng năng, cân mẫn, cần cù ) he becomes.
6. THE ADJ + ER + S + V , THE MORE + S + V + ADJ
 ……………………………………………Càng ……………………… ( thì ) càng ………………………………………
	Ex : The heavier the coin is, the more it is worth.
7. THE MORE + S + V + THE + ADJ + ER + S + V
 ……………………………………………Càng ……………………… ( thì ) càng ………………………………………
	Ex : The more we get together, the happier we ill be.
	Ex : The more he worked, the richer he was.
8. THE MORE + S + V, THE + MORE + S + V
 …………………………………Càng ……………………… ( thì ) càng …………………………………
	Ex : The more she knows him, the more she loves him.
	Ex : The more my sister hates him, the more he loves her.
9. THE LESS + ADJ + S + V , THE LESS + ADJ + S + V
 ………………………………Càng ……………………… ( thì ) càng ………………………………………
	EX : The less diligent the boy is, the less progress he will make. 	 ( Thằng bé càng ít siêng năng thí nó càng ít tiến bộ. )
V / SUPERLATIVES ( SO SÁNH BẬC NHẤT )
10. SHORT ADJ / ADV + EST 
 S + V + THE + MOST + LONG ADJ / ADV + IN + N( đếm được số ít) /
 LEAST + ADJ / ADV OF + N(đếm được số nhiều)
Ex : John is the tallest boy in the family.
Ex : Mary is the shortest of the three sister.
Ex : These shoes are the least expensive of all. 
* EXCEPTIONAL CASES ( Các trường hợp ngoại lệ ) 
1. good/ well	better	the best
2. bad/ badly	worse	the worst
3. many much	more	the most
4. little	less	the least
5. far	farther	the farthest	( về khoảng cách )
	further	the furthest	( về thời gian )
6. near	nearer	the nearest	( về khoảng cách )
	the next	( về thứ tự )
7. late	later	the latest	( về thời gian )
	the last 	( về thứ tự )
8. old	older	the oldest	( về tuổi tác )
	elder	the eldest ( về cấp bậc hơn là tuổi tác )
VI / SUMMARY (Tóm tắt)
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
	( Các hình thức so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất của tính từ và trạng từ )
1. One-syllable adjectives and adverbs: The - Er and –Est forms are added.
	(Đối với tính từ và trạng từ một vần ta thêm Er và Est vào sau)
	old	older	the oldest
	wise	wiser	the wisest
	fast	faster	fastest
	hard	harder	the hardest
	happy	happier	the happiest
	busy	busier	the busiest
	hot	hotter	the hottest
	big	bigger	the biggest
	fat	fatter	the fattest
2. Two- syllable adjectives : for most two-syllable adjectives, more and most are used.
	( Tính từ hai vần : More and Most được dùng )
	famous	more famous	the most famous
	pleasant	more pleasant	the most pleasant
* Some two – syllable adjectives use –Er/ - Est or More/ Most : able, angry, clever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, handsome, narrow, pleasant, polite, quite, simple, sour.
	( Một số tính từ hai vần dùng : Er/ - Est hoặc More/ Most như : able, clever, common , cruel…… 
friendly, gentle, handsome, narrow, pleasant, polite, quite, simple, sour.
	clever	cleverer	the cleverest
	more clever	the most clever
	gentle	gentler	the gentlest
	more gentle	the most gentle
	friendly	friendlier	the friendliest
	more friendly	the most friendly
3. Ajectives with three or more syllables : More and Most are used with long adjectives
	( Với tính từ ba hoặc nhiều vần : More và Most được dùng với tính từ dài )
	important	more important	the most important
	fascinating	more fascinating	the most fascinating
4. More and Most are used with adverbs the end–ly* .( More và Most được dùng với trạng từ có tận cùng ly*.
	carefully	more carefully	the most carefully
	slowly	more slowly	the most slowly 
5. Use More + Adjectives end with Suffixes : -ED, -FUL, -ING, -ISH, -OUS
( Dùng More + Adjectives tận cùng bằng các tiếp vị ngữ như : -ED, -FUL, -ING, -ISH, -OUS )
	more hated	 more useful	more boring	more continuous
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
	Circle the correct option
2. My brother has more / the most CDs in our family. 
3. Mydog’s got a lot more / the most energy than me!
4. Sylvia wears more / the most jewelery in the class.
5. All my friends spend more / the most money on clothes than me.
6. There are more / the most books on the floor than the bookshelves.
7. Who has more / the most brothers : Alice or Fatima.
8. Your team lost more / the most games than mine. 
9. Which person in your class watched more / the most TV programs last night?
10. Of the two brothers , Nam has more / the most.