Ôn thi tuyển sinh sau đại học - Môn: Tiếng Anh

lúc nói, giả định tương laiA: He will speak.N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak?Những từ nhận biết: in a year, next , tomorrowTensesNear future: Tương lai gầnSử dụng: Quyết định được thực hiện cho tương lai, kết luận về tương laiA: He is going to speak.N: He is not going to speak.Q: Is he going to speak?Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrowTensesFuture Progressive: Tương lai tiếp diễnSử dụng:Hành động sắp xảy ra ở một thời đểm trong tương lai, hành động chắc chắn xảy ra trong tương lai gầnA: He will be speaking.N: He will not be speaking.Q: Will he be speaking?Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrow TensesFuture perfect: Tương lai hoàn thànhSử dụng:Hành động sẽ hoàn thành ở một thời điểm nhất định trong tương laiA: He will have spoken.N: He will not have spoken.Q: Will he have spokenNhững từ nhận biết: by Monday, in a week Relative clausesCâu 5 trang 98 test 4Câu 7 trang 115 test 6Relative clauseFor person:Who: thay cho danh từ và đại từ: I, we, you, they, he, she, it, NEx: This is the man who met me last weekWhom: thay cho object: me, us, you, him, her, them, it, NEx: She is the excellent student whom we need to praiseRelative clauseWhose: thay cho adjective possessive: my, our, your, his, her, itsEx: I saw some people whose motorbikes have broken downThat: thay cho subject hoặc object for people, animals and things in definite clauseRelative clauseThat có thể thay thế cho Who khi nó đi sau các chữ: all, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, and whoseEx: Everyone who/that knew him liked him.Relative clausesFor things: Which hoặc that: thay thế cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữEx: This is the house which my parents bought in 1995For place:Where hoặc in which (thay cho chữ: here, there, in + Noun of place)Relative clausesFor time: When: thay cho cụm thừ: at the time, the day, in + season, then)Ex: This is the time when we should actFor cause: Why: thay thế cho cụm từ: for that reasonEx: That is the reason why he didn’t want to coordinate with youRelative clausesDefining relative clause: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định không có dấu phẩyEx: The woman who lives next door is very beautifulIn-defining relative clause: mệnh đề không xác định có hai dấu phẩy, có thể bỏEx: The girl, who is standing next to the window, is my daughter.Relative clausesDefining relative clause: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định không có dấu phẩyEx: The woman who lives next door is very beautifulIn-defining relative clause: mệnh đề không xác định có hai dấu phẩy, có thể bỏEx: The girl, who is standing next to the window, is my daughter.ExercisesCombine the pair of sentences by using the relative pronouns1. It is the first idea. It comes to my mind2. They should go to Da Lat in January. The weather is very good for them then3. Mrs Brown is the only woman. He wants to meet her4. The man is very young. You are driving his car5. Here are some accounts. You have to check these accountsExerciseFill in the blank with the proper relative pronounce1. Let me see all the lettersyou have written2. They boy..is standing near the machine is Tom3. I know the place.roses grow a lot4. The man..you want to meet has just left5. 1960 was the year.the revolution took placePrepositionsCâu 6 trang 98 test 4Câu 10 trang 99 test 4Câu 1 trang 104 test 4Câu 12 trang 107 test 5Câu 17 trang 108 test 5Câu 6 trang 113 test 5PrepositionsPreposition of time: after, at, before, behind, by, during, for, from, in, on (upon), since, through (out), toward (s), until, till, withinIn: trước buổi trong ngày, tháng, năm, mùa, địa danh, đất nướcOn: trước ngày và tháng, trươc ngày trong tuầnỞ trên: on TVPrepositionsVào kỳ nghỉ: On holiday/On a tripĐi bộ: On footTự kiếm sống: Living on my ownAt: thời gian, nơi chốn, dịp lễLúc 6 giờ: At 6 o’clock/By 6 o’clockTại sân bay: At the airportVào độ tuổi: at the age of Lúc bắt đầu/lúc cuối: At the beginning of/At the end ofPrepositionsAt school, at work, at home, at night, at christmasPreposition of place: about, above, across, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, by, in, off, on (upon), over, through, to, toward(s) under, within, withoutPreposition of cause, reason, motive: at, for, from , of, on, over, through, with (vì, do, bởi..)Preposition of aim or purpose: after (theo), for (vì), on (vào), to (cho).Reported speechCâu 7 trang 99 test 4Câu 15 trang 108 test 5Câu 2 trang 120 test 6Câu 6 trang 120 testReported speechCâu tường thuật (câu gián tiếp): kể cho ai đó nghe những gì người khác nói hoặc đang nóiCách chuyển: Lặp lại động từ giới thiệu SAY hoặc chuyển sang TELL nếu SAY có thể bổ túc từ gián tiếp ( dạng SAY TO + Object )Reported speechDùng liên từ THAT thay cho dấu hai chấm ( , sau đó bỏ dấu ngoặc kép Chuyển đại từ nhân xưng và tính từ sở hữu , nếu cần thiết tùy theo nghĩa của câu Ví dụ : I ---> He/She ; me---> his , herNếu động từ giới thiệu trong câu nói ở hiện tại đơn, chỉ thay đổi đại từ và tính từ cho phù hợpReported SpeechEx: “I’m trying to get a taxi” Tom says to MaryTom tells Mary that he is trying to get a taxiNếu động từ giới thiệu của câu nói trực tiếp ở dạng quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu tường thuật , động từ trong câu tường thuật được thay đổi theo quy luật sauReported speecham, is, are 	was, wereV1/s/es	V2/edCan 	couldMay	mightWill 	wouldShall 	shouldMust	had toDon’t/doesn’t 	didn’t	Reported speechHas/have 	hadV2/Ved	had Ved/3Đổi đại từ nhân xưng: ngôi 1 theo subjectI 	she/he/IMy	her/ his/ myMe	her/him/meWe 	theyOur/us 	their/themReported speechEx: He said that “ I have lost my umbrella”He said that he had lost his umbrellaCác đại từ nhân xưng và tính từ sở hữu ở ngôi thứ ba không đổi: he, him, his, she, her, they, them, theirEx: He said that “They went to school yesterday”He said that they had went to school the day beforeReported speechChỉ định hạn từ (demonstrative determiners)This 	thatThese 	thoseHere	thereToday 	that dayYesterday 	the day before, the 	previous dayReported speechTomorrow 	the next day, the 	following dayNow 	thenNext week	the following weekLast month	the previous monthA year ago	a year beforeThe day before yesterday :two days beforeThe day after tomorrow: in two day’s timeReported speech“Please do as I said”, he told usHe asked us to do as he said“Don’t argue with your parents, please”, I saidI said not to argue with your parents“Do you know this man?” she said themShe asked them if/whether they knew that manReported speech“Why don’t you like pop music?” he asked meHe asked me why I didn’t like pop musicExercisesChange the following sentences into reported speech:I said to her “ I have something to give you”The thief ordered the landlady “Open the safe immediately, please.”He asked me “Does she go shopping with you?”They asked me “How much milk did you buy?”InversionCâu 9 trang 99 test 4Câu 16 trang 100InversionWhat are you looking for?Are you reading the magazine?I’m very hungry. So is he.We don’t like beer. Neither do they.InversionMột số trạng từ được đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh thì chúng được theo sau bởi một trợ động từ và chủ ngữ (đảo ngữ)Under no circumstances can we cash the chequesAt no time was the President aware of what was happeningNot until much later did she learn who her real father wasInversionHardly had I arrived when trouble startedSeldom have I seen such an interesting filmLittle did he realize the danger he facedNever does she behave like thatOnly then did I understand what she meantOnly after her death did I recognize she was my motherInversionNot only did we lose our money but we were nearly killedNot a single word did she sayOn no condition are they to fireIn no case can you come out of the roomInversionTrong câu điều kiện có thể đảo were và had lên trước chủ ngữ và bỏ chữ ifIf I were a billionaire, I would buy that castleWere I a billionaire, I would buy that castleHad we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you someExpression of quantityCâu 13 trang 99 test 4Câu 20 trang 116 test 6Expression of quantityMost pupils are fond of picture booksMost beer is very cheap but some beer is expensiveMost of them are intelligentMany=a large number of (friends)Much = a few number of (money)A few oranges (some)Few: friends (hardly many)Expression of quantiyA little : beer (not much)Little: time (hardly any)None of this money is mineSome of the people at the party were very friendlyAll of us live in LondonHalf of them moved to New York last monthExpression of quantityNeither of the children want (s) to go to bedBoth Tom and Ann were lateNeither he nor she comes hereSomeone wants to see youIs anybody there?Wishes1. Mơ ước không có thật ở hiện tạiI wish I were you (động từ luôn were)2. Mơ ước không có thật ở quá khứI wished I hadn’t said that I wish = if only3. Câu mơ ước ở tương laiI wish I could (would) go there(were + V-ing)If clause1. Sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương laiS + V (hiện tại) + O, S + will, shall, may, can + V1Ex: We will go camping if the weather is fineUnless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping2.Sự việc khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại và tương laiIf clauseIf +S + Ved/2 + O, S +would/could..+V1Ex: If I were you, I would go abroad3. Sự việc không có thật ở quá khứIf + S + had V3/ed, S + would/could+ have + V3/edIf you hadn’t been absent yesterday, you would have seen teacherComparison of adjectiveSo sánh bằngS1 + V + Adj/Adv+As+S2+V+OShe is as tall as her motherI drive as carefully as he does/himS1+V+not + as/so+adj/adv+As+S2+V+OS1+V+Less+Long adjShe is not as tall as her motherHe drives less carelessly than+S2Comparison of adjectiveS1+V+short adj-er+than+S2+V+O short advEx: He is taller than me He types faster than meS1+V+More+Long+adj/adv+than+S2+V+OI drive more carefully than himComparison of adjectiveS+V+ the short adj-est+in/of+noun phrase the most Long adjEx: He is the fastest worker in my companyTom is the most careless driver that I’ve ever knownIrregular adjectiveGood/well 	better 	bestBad/badly	worse	worstMany/much	more	mostLittle	less	leastOld	older/elder	oldest/eldestFar	farther/further	farthest/furthest