Giáo trình Tiếng anh chuyên ngành công nghệ thông tin

the programming language
quite easy/write instructions in BASIC 
III. Read the passage and complete it with verbs in brackets in the correct form 
A short description on BASIC
BASIC is a general purpose high-level programming language, originally designed (1) (develop).programs in conversational mode. The name BASIC (2) (stand).. for Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. This language is (3) (find).on most microcomputers because it (4) (be).user-friendly and easy to learn. 
BASIC (5) (consist) .of two main parts: the source language statements- in instructions which form the program and the system commands which (6) (allow). us to control and edit a program
BASIC enables the user (7) (interact)..with program while it is being (8) (execute). Which means that data can be (9) (input)while the program is running. Each instruction is (10) (give).. a line number which defines the logical sequences of statements within the program. Some well-known system commands in BASIC are: 
RUN, which executes a program (11) (hold)in a BASIC file; LIST, which consists a listing of a program on the screen; and DELETE, which (12) (remove)a program from a file. 
A large number of PC manufacturers adopted BASIC. At present, however, there (13) (be).so many versions and extensions that programs written for one type of PC are not directly portable to another. 
IV. Further reading 
Computer language
Date
Characteristics
Uses
COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language
1958- 1959
Easy to read
Able to handle very large files
Written in English
Mainly used for business applications 
BASIC (Beginner’s All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
1964-1965
High-level programming language
Interactive
Easy to learn
Displays error messages that help users to connect mistakes. 
Has a large number of dialects 
General purpose language. 
Used to teach programming
LOGO
1969
Easy to learn
Flexible- It can do maths, make lists, construct graphs,
Its drawing capacities allow children to construct simple graphic programs 
Designed to use in schools to encourage children to experiment with programming
Pascal (named after the famous scientist 
1970- 1973
Structured language with algorithmic features designed for fast execution of the object program
A fast compiler called TurboPascal was created in 1982- very popular 
General purpose. 
Often used in colleges and universities to teach programming. 
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
1990
HTML codes control the use of fonts and images on the Web page and specify the links to other internet sites. 
HTML files are viewed with a client program called a “browser” 
Used to create hypertext documents that can be displayed on the web. 
Unit 10: COMPUTER TOMORROW 
Match the data communication services on the left with the requirements on the right. Then read the passage and check your answers 
1. fax 
2. electronic mail (email) 
3. Teletext 
4. Local Bulletin Board system (BBS) 
5. Commercial online service 
a. To send a personnel message to a friend who is at a different workstation. 
b. To send a copy of paper document-for instance, a scientific article from Trento University to Cambridge University. 
c. To access massive databases containing all kinds of information, or to be connected with an airline reservations service. 
d. To receive shareware and public domain programs from a user group
e. To find out weather forecasts and sports information from the television. 
Reading 
What are 'telecommunications'? 
This term refers to the transmission of information over long distances using the telephone system, radio, TV satellite or computer links. Examples are two people speaking on the phone, a sales department sending a fax to a client or someone reading the teletext pages on TV. But in the modern world, telecommunications mainly means transferring information from one PC to another via modem and phone lines (or fibre-optic cables). 
Modems 	
Your PC is a digital device (it works with strings of 1s and 0s). However, the telephone system is an analogue device designed to transmit the sounds and tones of the human voice. That's why we need a modem - a bridge between digital and analogue signals. The word 'modem' is an abbreviation of MOdulator/DEModulator When a modem modulates, it sends very rapid on off pulses. The computer on the other end translates (demodulates) those signals into intelligible text or graphics. Modem transmission speeds are measured in kilobits per second. Typical speeds are 28.8, 33.6 and 56kbps 
What can you do with a modem? 
A modem is your computer's link to the external world. With a modem you can exchange email and files with friends and colleagues; you can access the Web and search for information about the stock market, current affairs, entertainment, etc.; you can participate in newsgroups and live conversations; you can make bank transactions and buy things from the comfort of your home. You can also access your office from your computer at home or your laptop in a hotel room. 
Today a lot of companies find it more efficient to have some employees doing their work at home. Using a modem, they transfer their work into the office where it is printed and distributed. The list of applications is endless. 
What do you need to telecommunicate? 
You just need a PC (or a terminal), a modem connected to the computer and the telephone line, and communication software. Once you have installed and configured your modern, you can communicate with people through bulletin boards and online services. 
Local bulletin boards 
Bulletin board systems (BBS) are frequently free because they 
are run by enthusiasts and sponsored by user groups or small businesses. The first time you make a BBS connection you are required to register your name, address, phone number and other information such as the kind of computer and modem you are using. The person who administers the BBS is called sysop (system operator). You can use a BBS to download artwork, games and programs, or you can participate in ongoing discussions. You can also upload (send) programs, but make sure they are shareware or public domain programs. 
Online service providers 
To gain access to the Internet you must first open an account with an Internet service provider (ISP) or a commercial online service provider. Both offer Internet access, but the latter provides exclusive services. 
Vocabulary 
Transferring 	chuyển giao
Fibre-optic cables	cáp quang
Modems	modem
Digital device 	thiết bị kỹ thuật số
Analogue device	thiết bị analogue (tương tự)
Pulses 	xung
Graphics	đồ họa
Speeds	tốc độ
Exchange	trao đổi
Excess	
Newsgroup	Nhóm thông tin
Transactions	Giao dịch
Terminal	
Bulletin board system	hệ thống bản tin
Online service provider	Nhà cung ứng dịch vụ trực tuyế
Account 	Tài khoản
Commercial online service 	Dịch vụ trực tuyến thương mại
Vocabulary Exercise 
Modem network online download newsgroup services account telephone
When you are connected to the Internet, you are described as being..
To communicate via the Internet, you need a PC, a modem and a.line
To have access to the Internet you must first open an.. with an Internet service provider. 
You need a..to convert data into a form that can be transmitted over the phone lines
The public discussion area on the Internet are called.
You can use BBS toclip art, game and shareware to your PC
The Internet is a global .of computer networks. 
Translate into Vietnamese
Security and privacy on the Internet
There are a lot of benefits from an open system like the Internet, but we are also exposed to hackers who break into computer systems just for fun, as well as to steal information or propagate viruses. So how do you go about making online transactions secure? 
Security on the Web 
The question of security is crucial when sending confidential information such as credit card numbers. For example, consider the process of buying a book on the Web. You have to type your credit card number into an order form which passes from computer to computer on its way to the online bookstore. If one of the intermediary computers is illustrated by hackers, your data can be copied. It is difficult to say how often this happens, but it's technically possible. 
To avoid risks, you should set all security alerts to high on your Web browser. Netscape 
Communicator and Internet Explorer display a lock when the Web page is secure and allow you to disable or delete 'cookies'. 
If you use online bank services, make sure your bank uses digital certificates. A popular security standard is SET (secure electronic transactions). 
E-mail privacy similarly, as your e-mail message travels across the net, it is copied temporarily on many computers in between. This means it can be read by unscrupulous people who illegally enter computer systems.
The only way to protect a message is to put it in a sort of 'envelope', that is, to encode it with some form of encryption. A system designed to send e-mail privately is Pretty Good Privacy, a freeware program written by Phil Zimmerman. 
Network security 
Private networks connected to the Internet can be attacked by intruders who attempt to take valuable information such as Social Security numbers, bank accounts or research and business reports. 
To protect crucial data, companies hire security consultants who analyze the risks and provide security solutions. The most common methods of protection are passwords for access control, encryption and decryption systems, and firewalls.
Virus protection 
Viruses can enter a PC through files from disks, the Internet or bulletin board systems. If you want to protect your system, don't open e-mail attachments from strangers and take care when downloading files from the Web. (Plain text e-mail alone can't pass a virus.) 
Remember also to update your anti-virus software as often as possible, since new viruses are being created all the time.