Gerund and infinitive

ai đó làm gì 
Recommend sb to do st Giới thiệu ai đó làm gì Teach sb to do st Dạy ai đó làm gì 
Command sb to do st Ra lệnh ai đó làm gì Tell sb to do st Bảo ai đó làm gì 
Enable sb to do st Cho phép ai đó làm gì Warn sb to do st Cảnh báo ai đó làm gì 
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Expect (sb) to do st Mong đợi ai đó làm gì Wish (sb) to do st Chúc ai đó làm gì 
Encourage sb to do st Khuyến khích …. Beg sb to do st Van xin ai đó làm gì 
Persuade sb to do st Thuyết phục ….. Get sb to do st Thuyết phục …. 
Forbid sb to do st Cấm ai đó làm gì Invite sb to do st Mời ai đó làm gì 
E.g. This course has taught me to respect all animals and overcome my fears. 
I just told him to be quiet. 
- To-infinitive được dùng như tân ngữ của tính từ trong cấu trúc S + be +adj (for sb) + to do st 
E.g. I am curious to know the news. (Tôi rất tức giận khi biết tin) 
Dinner was ready to be served. (Bữa tối đã sẵn sàng để phục vụ) 
It is difficult for me to focus on the lesson. (Thật khó để tôi tập trung vào bài học) 
- To-infinitive còn đóng vai trò là trạng từ, phần nhiều ngụ ý mục đích hoặc kết quả, như: 
E.g. I saved money to buy a bicycle. (Tôi tiết kiệm tiền để mua xe đạp) 
He was lucky enough to win the prize. (Anh ấy thật may mắn khi giành được giải đó) 
- Với would like/ would love / would prefer ta dùng to-infinitive 
I would prefer to stop studying for a while 
II. Gerund 
- Verb + V-ing : V-ing được sử dụng ngay sau một số động từ sau. 
Avoid doing st Tránh làm gì Recommend doing st Giới thiệu làm gì 
Consider doing st Cân nhắc làm gì Involve doing st Đòi hỏi làm gì 
Admit doing st Thừa nhận làm gì Recall (sb/st) doing st Gợi nhớ làm gì 
Deny doing st Phủ nhận làm gì Keep doing st Tiếp tục làm gì 
Mind doing st Quan tâm, bận tâm làm gì Appreciate doing st Biết ơn, thích thú làm gì 
Suggest doing st Gợi ý cùng làm gì Postpone doing st Lùi lại việc gì 
Advise doing st Khuyên cùng làm gì Delay doing st Hoãn làm gì 
Allow doing st Cho phép làm gì Quit doing st Từ bỏ làm gì 
Risk doing st Đánh liều làm gì Finish doing st Hoàn thành việc gì 
Miss doing st Trượt trong việc làm gì Practice doing st Luyện tập làm gì 
Enjoy doing st Thích thú làm gì Resent doing st Tức giận về việc gì 
E.g. We enjoy playing football. 
Michael was considering buying a new car until the prices went up. 
Have you finished writing your book? 
- V-ing đi sau giới từ : Ta dùng V-ing sau giới từ. 
E.g. John gave up smoking because of his doctor‟s advice. 
I am not looking forward to meeting him. 
Alice is fond of dancing. 
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Một số cụm động từ và giới từ. 
Approve of Đồng ý với Insist on Khăng khăng 
Apologize for Xin lỗi vì Keep on Tiếp tục 
Believe in Tin tưởng ở Lead to Dẫn tới 
Count on Dựa vào Long for Mong mỏi 
Care for Quan tâm đến Persist in Khăng khăng 
Complain of Phàn nàn về Put off Lùi lại 
Confess to Thú tội với Rely on Dựa vào 
Consist of Bao gồm Result in Gây ra 
Depend on Phụ thuộc vào Succeed in Thành công trong 
Dream of Mơ về Worry about Lo lắng về 
End in Kết thúc tại Object to Đối mặt với 
Give up Từ bỏ Take part in Tham gia 
Forget about Quên về Think about/of Nghĩ về 
Go back to Quay lại Look forward to Mong chờ 
Hesitate about Lưỡng lự, do dự về Carry on Tiếp tục 
- Dùng V-ing trong một số cấu trúc sau. 
 It + be + no use/no good + doing st 
= There + be no point (in) doing st 
= It + be + useless/pointless to do st 
 Thật vô ích khi làm việc gì 
E.g. It is no use reading this kind of book. 
It is no point going to school without doing homework. 
 S + be worth doing st (Đáng để làm gì) 
S + be not worth doing st (Không đáng để làm gì) 
E.g. This radio isn‟t worth repairing. 
It‟s worth remembering that he has once been a boxer. 
 Can‟t stand/bear doing st : không thể chịu đựng được 
 Can‟t help doing st : không thể ngừng được. 
E.g. He looks very funny. I can’t help laughing. 
- Dùng V-ing sau các động từ cảm quan như “hear, notice, smell, realize, find, recognize, 
see,…” (phổ biến) 
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E.g. I didn‟t notice him leaving. 
- Dùng V-ing trong cụm danh từ. 
E.g. washing machine, running shoes, walking shoes, sleeping room, waiting room, … 
III. Bare-infinitive 
- Dùng sau các động từ khuyết thiếu như : can, could, may, might, must, should, will, shall,… 
E.g. I can speak English. 
- Dùng sau các động từ cảm quan như “see, hear, feel, notice,…” (hiếm) hoặc các động từ như 
“make, let, help,…” 
E.g. They let us take it slowly. 
They made us handle all kinds of animals including spiders and snakes. 
IV. Thể phủ định 
- Khi muốn làm câu mang nghĩa phủ định, ta thêm “not” vào trước “infinitive” hoặc “V-ing” 
I chose not to study at this college. 
I enjoy not working late 
She help me not fail the exam. 
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PRACTICES 
I. Put the verb in brackets into gerund 
1. He gave up (gamble). 
2. Try to avoid (make) him angry. 
3. Stop (argue) and start (work). 
4. The children prefer (watch) TV to (read). 
5. I am against (make) any complaints. 
6. It's no use (cry) over spilt milk. 
7. I suggest (hold) another meeting next week. 
8. He finished (speak) and sat down. 
9. He was fined for (drive) without lights. 
10. It is difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks. 
11. If you can't turn the key try (put) some oil in the lock. 
12. He lost no time in (get) down to work. 
13. You can't make an omelette without (break) eggs. (proverb) 
14. We are looking forward to (read) your new book. 
15. They escaped by (slide) down ropes made of blankets. 
16. They don't allow (smoke) in here. 
17. He is thinking of (leave) his job and (go) to America. 
18. After (read) this article you will give up (smoke). 
19. If you put your money into that business you risk (lose) every penny. 
20. Is there anything here worth (buy)? 
II. Put the verb in brackets in to right form : Full or bare infinitive 
1. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him. 
2. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 
3. I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor. 
4. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother. 
5. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house. 
6. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion , 
7. He told me (try) (come) early. 
8. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what had seen. 
9. Would you (like) (come) in my car? 
No, thanks. I'd rather (walk). 
10. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 
11. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking. 
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12. He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them. 
13. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe. 
If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? 
14. I didn't like (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him. 
15. It's better (be) sure than sorry. 
16. What do you (want) me (tell) him? 
Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him. 
17. Did you remember (give) him the money? 
No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this 
time. 
18. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes. 
19. That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you. 
I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms. 
20. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames. 
III. Infinitive or Gerund 
1. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). 
2. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he'll end by (be) run over. 
3. I prefer (drive) to (be driven). 
4. I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once. 
5. Would you mind (lend) me £5? I forgot (cash) a check. 
6. (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office. 
7. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months. 
8. By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew. 
9. An instructor is coming (show) us how (use) the aqualung. 
10. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn't bear (see) my favourite actress in such a 
dreadful part. 
11. I suggest (telephone) the hospitals before (ask) the police (look) for him. 
12. After (hear) the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition. 
13. Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) to the newspapers. 
14. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intention of (reply) at all. 
15. I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble). 
16. By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him. 
17. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything. 
18. Imagine (have) (get up) at five a.m. every day! 
19. Try (forget) it: it isn't worth (worry) about. 
20. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can't do anything (help) the people 
who have (stay) there. 
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21. The horse won't be well enough (run) in tomorrow's race. He doesn't seem (have recovered) 
from his long journey. 
22. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) the same story again and 
again. 
23. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to lectures. 
24. It wouldn't be safe (start) down now; we'll have (wait) till the mist clears. 
25. After (discuss) the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have reached) any 
decision. 
26. It's not much use (have) a bicycle if you don't know how (ride) it. 
27. He didn't dare (leave) the house because he was afraid of (meet) someone who might 
(recognize) him. 
28. I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him £2. 
29. Did you remember (give) him the key of the safe? 
No, I didn't. I'll go and do it now. 
30. Please forgive me for (interrupt) you but would you mind (repeat) that last sentence?