Các thì trong tiếng Anh

là central determiners. 
all these problems 
twice that size 
four times this amount 
Postdeterminers (post = sau) 
Cardinal và ordinal numerals chiếm vị trí postdeterminer 
the two children 
his fourth birthday 
General ordinals cũng vậy (tức là ở vị trí cuối) 
my next project 
our last meeting 
your previous remark 
her subsequent letter 
Những chữ chỉ số lượng khác cũng là postdeterminers: 
my many friends 
our several achievements 
the few friends that I have 
Không như predeterminers, postdeterminers có thể dùng chung: 
my next two projects 
several other people 
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Nouns are often preceded by the words the, a, or an. These words are called 
DETERMINERS. They indicate the kind of reference which the noun has. The 
determiner the is known as the DEFINITE 
Singular Plural 
the taxi the taxis 
the paper the papers 
the apple the apples 
 ARTICLE. It is used before both singular and plural nouns: 
The determiner a (or an, when the following noun begins with a vowel) is the 
INDEFINITE ARTICLE. It is used when the noun is singular: 
any taxi 
that question 
those apples 
this paper 
some apple 
whatever taxi 
whichever taxi 
Perhaps the most common way to express quantity is to use a numeral. We look at 
numerals as determiners in the next section 
Numerals and Determiners 
Numerals are determiners when they appear before a noun. In this position, cardinal 
numerals express quantity: 
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one book 
two books 
twenty books 
In the same position, ordinal numerals express sequence: 
first impressions 
second chance 
third prize 
The subclass of ordinals includes a set of words which are not directly related to numbers 
(as first is related to one, second is related to two, etc). These are called general ordinals, 
and they include last, latter, next, previous, and subsequent. These words also function as 
determiners: 
next week 
last orders 
previous engagement 
subsequent developments 
When they do not come before a noun, as we've already seen, numerals are a subclass of 
nouns. And like nouns, they can take determiners: 
the two of us 
the first of many 
They can even have numerals as determiners before them: 
five twos are ten 
In this example, twos is a plural noun and it has the determiner five before it 
Pronouns and Determiners 
There is considerable overlap between the determiner class and the subclass of 
pronouns. Many words can be both: 
Pronoun Determiner 
This is a very boring book This book is very boring 
That's an excellent film That film is excellent 
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As this table shows, determiners always come before a noun, but pronouns are more 
independent than this. They function in much the same way as nouns, and they can be 
replaced by nouns in the sentences above: 
This is a very boring book ~Ivanhoe is a very boring book 
That's an excellent film ~Witness is an excellent film 
On the other hand, when these words are determiners, they cannot be replaced by nouns: 
This book is very boring ~*Ivanhoe book is very boring 
That film is excellent ~*Witness film is excellent 
The personal pronouns (I, you, he, etc) cannot be determiners. This is also true of the 
possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his/hers, ours, and theirs). However, these pronouns 
do have corresponding forms which are determiners: 
Possessive Pronoun Determiner 
The white car is mine My car is white 
Yours is the blue coat Your coat is blue 
The car in the garage is his/hers His/her car is in the garage 
David's house is big, but ours is 
bigger 
Our house is bigger than David's 
Theirs is the house on the left Their house is on the left 
The definite and the indefinite articles can never be pronouns. They are always 
determiners 
Definite articles và indefinite articles không bao giờ là pronouns. Chúng luôn luôn là 
determiners. 
The Ordering of Determiners 
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Determiners occur before nouns, and they indicate the kind of reference which the nouns 
have. Depending on their relative position before a noun, we distinguish three classes of 
determiners 
 Predeterminer Central Determiner Postdeterminer Noun 
I met all my many friends 
A sentence like this is somewhat unusual, because it is rare for all three determiner slots 
to be filled in the same sentence. Generally, only one or two slots are filled. 
Predeterminers (pre = trước) 
Predeterminers specify quantity in the noun which follows them, and they are of three 
major types: 
1. "Multiplying" expressions, including expressions ending in times: 
twice my salary 
double my salary 
ten times my salary 
2. Fractions 
3. The words all and both: 
all my salary 
both my salaries 
 Predeterminers do not normally co-occur: 
*all half my salary 
Central Determiners (central = giữa, trung tâm) 
The definite article the and the indefinite article a/an are the most common central 
determiners: 
all the book 
half a chapter 
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As many of our previous examples show, the word my can also occupy the central 
determiner slot. This is equally true of the other possessives: 
all your money 
all his/her money 
all our money 
all their money 
The demonstratives, too, are central determiners: 
all these problems 
twice that size 
four times this amount 
Postdeterminers (post = sau) 
Cardinal and ordinal numerals occupy the postdeterminer slot: 
the two children 
his fourth birthday 
 This applies also to general ordinals: 
my next project 
our last meeting 
your previous remark 
her subsequent letter 
Other quantifying expressions are also postdeterminers: 
my many friends 
our several achievements 
the few friends that I have 
Unlike predeterminers, postdeterminers can co-occur: 
my next two projects 
several other people 
Viết hoa 
Kevin Khôi Trương 
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Chữ hoa ñược dùng trong những cách sau ñây: 
1. Chữ cái ñầu tiên trong câu They sold their house last week. She is a nice girl. 
2. Tên riêng và tính từ ñi chung 
với tên riêng 
Tri Le Scott Brown Joey Adams 
United Nations American flag 
3. Chữ cái ñầu tiên của 1 lời trích 
dẫn trực tiếp 
Mimi said, "You are a liar." 
BUT: "You are," Mimi said, "a liar." 
4. Danh hiệu hoặc cấp bậc trước 1 
tên riêng 
NGOẠI LỆ: 
Viết hoa chữ viết tắt của bằng cấp 
Dr. Robert Senator Dole Professor Smith 
BUT: 
There are 100 senators in the U.S. Congress. My 
professors are strict. 
Donna Chung, M.D. 
Ron is working on a B.A. in business. (Bachelor of 
Arts) 
BUT: 
Ron is working on a bachelor's degree in business. 
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5. Tên riêng về nơi chốn và ñịa lý 
(thành phố, tiểu bang, quốc gia, lục 
ñịa, ñại dương, hồ, sông, sa mạc, 
núi, ñường xá, tòa nhà, công viên, 
trường học, và sở thú) 
Danh từ chung như là ñường phố, 
ñại lộ, công viên, hồ, ñại dương, 
sông, sa mạc, hoặc núi ñược viết 
hoa khi nào là 1 phần của tên 
riêng. 
Khi ñông, tây, nam, bắc là 1 phần 
của vị trí, chúng ñược viết hoa. 
Khi ñông, tây, nam, bắc ñề cập ñến 
phương hướng trên la bàn, chúng 
không ñược viết hoa. 
We live in Santa Ana. 
BUT: We live in a city. 
He'll fly to Florida. 
My came from Vietnam. 
Thailand is in Asia. 
They passed the Pacific Ocean. 
BUT: They passed an ocean. 
I saw Lake Superior. 
BUT: I saw a lake. 
He crossed the Mississippi River. 
BUT: He crossed a river. 
The Sahara Desert is in Africa. 
BUT: They died on a desert. 
We saw the Everest Mountain. 
BUT: We saw a mountain. 
She lives on Brookhurst Avenue. 
They'll meet in Mc. Cathy Hall. 
I saw her in Mile Square Park yesterday. 
BUT: Let's go to a park. 
Have you ever gone to San Diego Zoo? 
California is in the West. 
BUT: China is north of Vietnam. 
Head south for two blocks and turn east on Bolsa 
Street. 
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6. Ngày trong tuần, tên của tháng 
trong năm và ngày lễ nhưng không 
viết hoa 4 mùa và khóa học. 
This year, her birthday falls on Tuesday. 
You were born in May. 
People have parties on Christmas Day. 
Four seasons of the year are spring, summer, 
fall/autumn, and winter. 
7. Tên của sản phẩm quảng cáo 
My nephew knows all the words of Diet Pepsi's 
advertisement. 
8. Tựa sách, tạp chí, báo, truyện, 
thơ, phim, chương trình tivi, bài 
hát và bài văn của quí vị 
We read the book Gone with the Wind. 
While waiting for my friend, I watched Friends 
and read an article in Reader's Digest. 
Let's go see Rush Hour 2. 
I like listening to the song You Will See, which 
was sung by Madonna. 
9. Tên của hãng, ñoàn thể, công 
ñoàn, câu lạc bộ, ñảng chính trị, và 
những tổ chức khác 
One of the leading software companies is 
Microsoft. 
They have an account at OCTFCU (Orange 
County Teachers Federal Credit Union). 
10. Tên trường học và tên lớp học 
They went to Westminster High School. 
BUT: They went to high school together. 
I am going to California State University, 
Fullerton. 
BUT: I'm going to a university. 
She is taking Economic 315 this semester. 
BUT: She took an economic class last year. 
11. Tên của ngôn ngữ và quốc tịch 
I can speak Vietnamese, English, and a little 
Spanish. 
He is an American. 
12. Ðại danh từ "I" Vy and I have been friends for a number of years. 
13. Quan hệ gia ñình chỉ khi nào 
nó là 1 phần của tên riêng hoặc nếu 
nó thay thế cho tên riêng 
I'll tell Dad about this. We are talking to Aunt 
Van. 
BUT: I'll tell my dad. We are talking to our aunt. 
14. Tôn giáo, môn ñồ và thần 
thánh 
Muslims, Buddhism, Christianity, Jehovah, Islam 
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15. Sự kiện lịch sử, giai ñoạn, văn 
kiện (tài liệu) và hoạt ñộng 
Many people remember the Civil War. 
She was born in the Middle Ages. 
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? 
He told us about the Abolitionist movement. 
Nguồn VietSciences