UNIT 9 A FIRST-AID COURSE

 What about your room? Is it tidied now?
Ba:	I'm sorry, Mom. I haven't cleaned and tidied it yet.
Ba's mother:	Bad boy, Ba. And the washing machine! Have you turned it off yet?
Ba:	Don't worry, Mom. I have (already) turned it off already.
Ba's mother:	Have you called and told aunt Le to have lunch with us today?
Ba:	Yes. I've already called and told her to have lunch with us, and 
she said she would come.
2. Work with a partner. Ask and anwser questions about the flights. 
- Has the flight to Vientiane departed yet?	
- Yes. It has already departed.
- Has the flight from Los Angeles arrived yet?
- No. It hasn't arrived yet.
3. Read the sentences. Check the correct column.
 Finished action Incomplete action
a) I've been to Sa Pa highlands.
b) They have lived in Ca Mau for 10 years.
c) She has finished her homework.
d) He has worked with the computer since early morning
e) We have found the problems with the printer.
f) Someone has unplugged the printer.
g) People have received information through the internet recently.
4. Complete the dialogues. Use the present perfect or the past simple of the verbs in brackets.
Ba: 	Have you seen the film Jurassic Park yet?
Nam: 	Yes, I have.
Ba: 	When did you see it?
Nam: 	I saw it three months ago.
Loan: 	We haven't had a vacation since last year.
Chi: 	Why not?
Loan: 	My parents have been very busy since then.
Nga: 	Have you heard the news about Nam?
Mai: 	No. What happened?
Nga: 	He had an accident. He was jogging. He suddenly fell and broke his leg.
Sung: Has the plane arrived yet?
Clerk: Yes, it has.
Sung: When did it arrive?
Clerk: It arrived at the airport two hours ago.
UNIT 16: INVENTIONS
GETTING STARTED
Match these stages in the development of paper with the correct pictures.
A. Five thousand years ago, the Egyptians wrote on a plant called papyrus. (b)
B. A Chinese official made paper from wood pulp in the year 105. (c)
C. The Japanese learned how to make paper in the seventh century. (e)
D. In 768, Arabs learned about papermaking from Chinese prisoners. (a)
E. The first papermaking machine was invented in the late 1700s by a Frenchman. (d)
LISTEN AND READ
1. Practice the dialogue with a partner.
Tim Jones, Hoa’s American pen pal, is visiting a chocolate factory with his class and his teacher, Mrs Allen. Mr. Roberts, the factory foreman, is showing them around.
Mr. Roberts:	This is where the cocoa beans are stored. Now follow me and I'll show you 
the first step in the manufacturing process.
Tim:	Sam, what do you think this button is for?
Sam:	I have no idea.
Mrs. Allen:	Tim! Sam! Come here!
Mr. Roberts: Children, don’t touch that button! Now, the beans are washed, weighed, and 
cooked here.
Mrs. Allen:	Tim, come and stand beside me. I told you to behave!
Mr. Roberts: After the shells are removed, the beans are crushed and liquified. Cocoa butter is added, 
along with sugar, vanilla and milk. Then the mixture is ground, rolled and poured into molds.
Tim:	It looks delicious.
Sam:	Can we taste any?
Mr. Roberts: Yes, there's some beside the conveyor belt.
2. Match the half-sentences. Then write the full sentences in your exercise book.
a) The beans are cleaned before being cooked.	
b) Mr. Roberts thought Tim and Sam were going to touch the button.
c) After cooking, the cocoa beans smell like chocolate.
d) Sugar is one of the ingredients in chocolate.
e) Mrs. Allen warned Sam	 to leave some chocolate for others. 
f) A sample of chocolate is given after visitors have toured the factory.
SPEAK
1. Work with a partner. Student A looks at the table next page. Student B looks at the table at the end of this unit (page 156). Ask and answer questions to fill in the missing information in your tables.
- When was the facsimile? -It was invented in 1843.
- Who was it invented by? -By Alexander Bain. 
STUDENT A
Invention 	Date 	Inventor 	Nationality
 Friedrich Koenig 	 German
1986 Karl D. Sauerbronn
Facsimile
1845 	 Elias Howe 	 American
 Reinforced concrete 	1849
 Microphone 	1878
 X-ray	1895
Loudspeaker	1924 	C.W. Rice 	 American
Helicopter 	 Igor Sikorsky
 Color television 1950 Peter Carl Goldmark American
1955 	 Narinder Kapany 	 German
 Laser	 1958 	 Gordon Gould 	 American
2. Now report your findings to the teacher.
The facsimile was invented by Alexander Bain in 1843.
LISTEN
1. Listen and fill in the gaps in these sentences. 
a) Papermaking is a (1) process.
b) The procedure is almost the (2) as it was (3) years ago.
c) The pulp vat is on the (4) of the machine.
d) The papermaking machine has a lot of (5).
2. Listen again. Put the sentences into the correct order.
a) The water was drained.
b) The paper vas put on a roll.
c) Paper pulp was placed in the vat. 
d) Paper pulp was mixed with water. 
e) The pulp fibers were poured out.
f) The fibers were smoothed and pressed dry. 
g) The pulp was conveyed under the rollers.
TAPE TRANSCRIPT
Papermaking is a simple process. The procedure is almost the same as it was 200 years ago. Look closely at this picture of an old papermaking machine. On the left is the pulp vat. Paper pulp was placed in the vat and mixed with a lot of water. The water was then drained and the pulp fibers were poured out of the vat and onto a conveyor belt. The conveyor belt took them under the rollers. There were quite a lot of rollers as you can see. These rollers smoothed the fibers and pressed them dry. The finished paper was then put on a roll at the end. You can see the roll of paper at the far right of the picture.
READ
Read the following poem abort inventions.
Up-to-Date
1. 	Look what I bought today in town 
The very latest thing
A microwave that says be-doom!
A toaster that goes poing!
2.	The vacuum goes chugga-chug!
	The hairdryer says vroom!
	The dishwasher pulls out its plug
	And gives the loudest boom!
3.	The telephone is new as well
	The latest I have found
	It has a pretty colored bell
	And doesn’t make a sound.
( adapted from a poem by Martin Lawrence)
1. Match the headings to the verses.
Verse 1	a. Instrument invented by Alexander Graham Bell
Verse 2	b. Appliances that cook food
Verse 3	c. Appliances that clean or dry things
2. Fill in each of the gaps in the sentences with one "invention" in the poem.	
a) "Joan, where's the (1)? I want to clean the floor."
b) Last night I was reading in the bedroom when the (2) rang. It was Ann, an old friend I didn't see for more than twelve years.
c) A (3) is a kitchen appliance that automatically washes, rinses, and dries dishes and utensils.
d) "Jane, why don't you put the meat in the (4) to defrost it?"
e) "Can I borrow your (5)? I've just washed my hair."
f) The Romans knew how to toast bread over an open fire two thousand years ago. We now toast bread with a (6) on the table.
WRITE
1. Fill in each gap with one of these sequence markers to describe the procedure of papermaking.
How Paper Is Made
First, logs are cut into small chips. Then they are mixed with water and acid. Next they are heated and crushed to a heavy pulp. This wood pulp is also cleaned and chemically whitened. After this, it is passed through rollers to be flattened. Then, sheets of wet paper are produced. Finally, the water is removed from the sheets which are pressed, dried and refined until the finished paper is produced.
2. Look at the sequence of pictures that describe how cocoa beam are processed. Put them in the correct order.
Now use the sequence markers in exercise `write 1.' to link the sentences together in a paragraph.
d) The fruit harvest is fermented for three to nine days to kill the beans and turn them brown.
a) The beans are dried in the sun.
e) The beans are cleared in special machines.
c) The beans are roasted to bring out the chocolate flavor.
b) They are shelled and ground to produce chocolate liquor. 
f) The liquor is made into chocolate candy or cocoa powder.
LANGUAGE FOCUS 
*Passive forms 	*Sequence markers
1. Change the sentences from the active into the passive. Example:
Miss Lien wrote the letter. =>	The letter was written (by Miss Lien). 
a) Mrs. Quyen typed the document.	b) Mr. Nhan repaired the computer. 
c) Ba drew the picture.	d) Hoa turned off the lights. 	e) Lan baked the cake.
2. Active or Passive? Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete these sentences.
a) The grand prize . . . to the Hoa Vinh Village team. (award)
b) Viet Nam . . . two gold medals on the first day of the Games. (win)
c) Last year Mrs. Jackson . . . a small business around the corner. (run) 
d) The factory . . . by Quang Vinh Ltd. before it . . . to a foreign firm. (run / sell)
e) Thanh Ha School . . . for two days last week due to a flood. (close)
3. Put a question for each of the underlined phrases in the sentences below. 
Example: The facsimile was invented by Alexander Bain in 1843.
When was the facsimile invented?
a) The zipper was invented by W.L. Judson in 1893.
b) Maize was brought into Viet Nam by Phung Khac Khoan in the 16th century.
c) The fountain pen was invented by Lewis Waterman in 1884.
d) The ballpoint pen was invented in Hungary by brothers Lazlo and Georg Biro in 1935.
e) Xerography is widely used in commerce and industry in copying machine.
4. Use the sequence markers first, then, next, after this and finally to describe how white rice is produced in the traditional way. The pictures and prompts will help you.
rice crop / harvest
rice plants / thresh
rice grains / husk / the mill / to produce brown rice 
bran / remove / the mortar / and it / winnow / white rice
Invention 	Date 	Inventor 	Nationality
1924	C.W. Rice
Gordon Gould
Peter Carl Goldmark
Bicycle 	1816	German
Facsimile 	1843 	Alexander Bain 	English
Helicopter 	1939 	American
Microphone 	D.E. Hughes 	American
Optical fiber	1955
Printing Press 	1810 	Friedrich Koening
1849 	F. J. Monier 	French
Sewing machine 	Elias Howe
1895 	Wilhelm Konarad 	German
THE END