TOEFL Reading

perties will make possible 
investigations 
 that will complement those performed with light- and electron-based 
instruments. 
 30. What does the passage mainly discuss? 
 (a) The detail seen through a microscope 
 (b) Sources of illumination for microscopes 
 (c) A new kind of microscope 
 (d) Outdated microscopic techniques 
 31. According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope 
 allowed scientists to 
 (a) see viruses directly 
 (b) develop the electron microscope late on 
 (c) understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements 
 (d) discover single-celled plants and animals they had never seen before 
 32. The word "minuscule" in line 5 s closest in meaning to 
 (a) circular (b) dangerous 
 (c) complex (d) tiny 
 33. The word "it" in line 7 refers to 
 (a) a type of microscope 
 (b) human perception 
 (c) the natural world 
 (d) light 
 34. Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first 
paragraph? 
 (a) To begin a discussion of sixteenth-century discoveries 
 (b) To put the x-ray microscope in a historical perspective 
 (c) To show how limited its uses are 
 (d) To explain how it functioned 
 35. Why did it take so long to develop the x-ray microscope? 
 (a) Funds for research were insufficient. 
 (b) The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently. 
 (c) Materials used to manufacture x-ray tubes were difficult to obtain 
 (d) X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate. 
 36. The word "enables" in line 22 is closest in meaning to 
 (a) constitutes (b) specifies 
 (c) expands (d) allows 
 37. The word "Rather" on line 28 is closest in meaning to 
 (a) Significantly (b) Preferably 
 (c) Somewhat (d) Instead 
 38. The word "those" in line 29 refers to 
 (a) properties (b) investigations 
 (c) microscopes (d) x-rays 
 39. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred 
 about x-ray microscopes in the future? 
 (a) They will probably replace electron microscopes altogether. 
 (b) They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now. 
 (c) They will provide information not available from other kinds of 
 microscopes. 
 (d) They will eventually change the illumination rage that they now use. 
 Questions 40-50 
 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its 
originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it 
presents the familiar in a new 
 form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at 
 Line familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, 
 (5) harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked 
 realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don 
Quixote 
 makes chivalry seem absurd ; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of 
science ; A 
 Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of 
these ideas 
 is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the 
claims of 
 (10) pure science before Aldous Huxley, and people were aware of famine before 
Swift. It 
 was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the 
manner of expression, the satiric method, that made them 
interesting and entertaining. Satires are 
 read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are 
morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating 
and refreshing because with 
 (15) commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. 
With 
 spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar 
objects into 
 incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract 
platitude. 
 Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers 
appreciate a 
 refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of 
platitudinous 
 (20) thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people 
into an 
 awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to 
 remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is 
 sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a 
slight 
 degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies 
attribute to 
 (25) them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of 
humanity. 
 Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not 
hear 
 them expressed. 
 40. What does the passage mainly discuss? 
 (a) Difficulties of writing satiric literature 
 (b) Popular topics of satire 
 (c) New philosophies emerging from satiric literature 
 (d) Reasons for the popularity of satire 
 41. The word "realization" in line 6 is closest in meaning to 
 (a) certainty (b) awareness 
 (c) surprise (d) confusion 
 42. Why does the author mention Don Quixote, Brave New World, and A 
Modest Proposal 
 in lines 6-8? 
 (a) They are famous examples of satiric literature. 
 (b) They present commonsense solutions to problems. 
 (c) They are appropriate for readers of all ages. 
 (d) They are books with similar stories. 
 43. The word "aesthetically" in line 13 is closest in meaning to 
 (a) artistically (b) exceptionally 
 (c) realistically (d) dependably 
 44. Which of the following can be found in satiric literature? 
 (a) Newly emerging philosophies 
 (b) Odd combinations of objects and ideas 
 (c) Abstract discussion of morals and ethics 
 (d) Wholesome characters who are unselfish 
 45. According to the passage, there is a need for satire because people need to b 
 (a) informed about new scientific developments 
 (b) exposed to original philosophies when they are formulated 
 (c) reminded that popular ideas are often inaccurate 
 (d) told how they can be of service to their communities 
 46. The word "refreshing" in line 19 is closest in meaning to 
 (a) popular (b) ridiculous 
 (c) meaningful (d) unusual 
 47. The word "they" in line 22 refers to 
 (a) people (b) media 
 (c) ideals (d) movies 
 48. The word "devote" in line 25 is closest in meaning to 
 (a) distinguish (b) feel affection 
 (c) prefer (d) dedicate 
 49. As a result of reading satiric literature, readers will be most likely to 
 (a) teach themselves to write fiction 
 (b) accept conventional points of view 
 (c) become better informed about current affairs 
 (d) reexamine their opinions and values 
 50. The various purposes of satire include all of the following EXCEPT 
 (a) introducing readers to unfamiliar situations 
 (b) brushing away illusions 
 (c) reminding readers of the truth 
 (d) exposing false values 
answers 
Test 1 
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. A 
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. C 
21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. A 
31. A 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A 
41. A 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. D 
Test 2 
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. D 
11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. D 
21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 
31. C 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C 
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. C 
Test 3 
1. B 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. D 
11. C 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. A 
21. B 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. D 
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. A 36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B 
41. D 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. A 50. C 
Test 4 
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. B 
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. A 
21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C 
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. C 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. B 
41. B 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. C 
Test 5 
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B 
11. C 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B 
21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 
31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35 A 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D 
41. A 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. A 
Test 6 
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 
31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. D 40. A 
41. B 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. C 
Test 7 
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. D 
11. B 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 
21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. C 
31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C 
41. D 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. D 
Test 8 
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. B 
11. D 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20 D 
21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. C 
31. C 32. B 33. D 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. C 
41. D 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. B 46. B 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. D 
Test 9 
1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A 
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. B 
21. A 22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. A 
31. A 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. B 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. A 
41. A 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B 
Test 10 
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 
11. B 12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. A 
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. D 
41. B 42. A 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B