Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành quản trị kinh doanh - Phần 8

Exercise 3

In each of these sentences a word is missing. Provide a word in the text, between lines 4 and

14.

1. The USSR is a _______ of communism.

2. The Americans are _________ to a system of private enterprise.

3. To control an economy is much the same as to ________ it.

4. The work was carefully __________ by the authorities for five years.

5. It is necessary to make a sharp __________ between planned and unplanned

economies.

6. He does not work in this ___________ of the economy but in the public one.

7. A mixed economy possesses some of the qualities of the two main ________ of

economic system.

8. Coal, steel and farming are important national _________.

9. The __________ of the workers were happy about the new plan, but a small number

were not.

10. Some industrial ___________ , like BP and ICI, are international as well as national in

their activities.

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tton and Norton any more. 
4. He doesn’t export to Italy now. 
5. Transworld arrange airfreight consignments these days. 
6. They make stereo equipment since they expanded. 
Laboratory drill 
P: There isn’t an airport at Ayton nowadays R: Did there use to be an airport 
 at Ayton then? 
Exercise 4: Comparing 
This table shows the comparative speed and cost of sending a consignment of cloth from 
London to Madrid. 
MEANS OF 
TRANSPORT 
TRANSIT 
TIME 
FREQUENCY OF 
DEPARTURE 
TOTAL COST 
10 days 
1 day 
4 days 
3 days 
Every 12 days 
Every day 
Every 5 days 
Every 7 days 
246 
433 
149 
145 
Compare the different means of sending the consignment, like this: 
P: Is it quicker by sea than by air? R: No. It’s slower. 
P: Are trains more frequent than trailers? R: No. They’re less frequent. 
P: Is it more expensive by train than by plane? R: No. It’s less expensive. 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 72 
Laboratory drill 
P: Is it quicker by sea than by air? R: No. It’s slower. 
Exercise 5: Reported speech and used to do 
John’s out - of - date knowledge. Now you do like this: 
P: John said there was an airport at Dutton. 
R: He’s wrong then. There used to be an airport at Dutton, but there isn’t now. 
P: John said she didn’t work for BOS. 
R: He’s wrong then. She didn’t use work for BOS, but she does now. 
Laboratory drill A 
P: John said there was an airport at Dutton. 
R: There used to be an airport at Dutton, but there isn’t now. 
P: John said she didn’t work for BOS. 
R: She didn’t use to work for BOS, but she does now. 
Laboratory drill B 
P: I think there’s an airport at Dutton. R: Yes, John said there was an airport at Dutton. 
P: I don’t think she works for BOS R: Yes, John said she didn’t work for BOS. 
SUMMARY 
Trong bài số 3 bạn đã học và ôn lại các phần sau: 
- Từ vựng liên quan đến các nền kinh tế hỗn hợp. 
- Cách tạo từ mới bằng cách thêm hậu tố. 
- Cách sử dụng cấu trúc Used to 
- Ôn lại cách sử dụng câu gián tiếp (Reported speech) 
- Ôn tiếp cấu trúc so sánh 
VOCABULARY 
BOAC: British Overseas Airways 
Corporation 
n hãng hàng không của Anh 
BP: British Petroleum n ngành công nghiệp dầu lửa của Anh 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 73
British Rail n ngành đường sắt của Anh 
cargo n hàng chuyên chở 
charge by volume n cước phí tính theo thể tích 
charge by weight n cước phí tính theo trọng lượng 
classify v phân loại 
consignment n hàng hoá được gửi vận chuyển 
container n công-ten-nơ 
containerisation n việc đóng hàng vào công-ten-nơ 
conventional cargo n hàng chuyên chở thông thường 
eminent industrialist n nhà công nghiệp nổi tiếng 
freight rate n giá cước hàng hoá chuyên chở 
giant adj lớn 
ICI: Imperial Chemical Industries. n các ngành công nghiệp hoá học 
inevitably adv tất nhiên, không thể tránh được 
long-term adj dài hạn 
make a distinction v phân biệt 
NEDC: National Economic 
Development Council 
n Hội đồng phát triển kinh tế quốc gia 
private sector n thành phần kinh tế tư nhân 
public sector n thành phần kinh tế nhà nước 
trailer n xe tải, xe móoc 
under-developed country n nước chưa phát triển 
volume n khối lượng 
joiner n người liên kết, thợ mộc, hội viên 
juggler n người chơi trò tung hứng 
productive adj 
CONSOLIDATION EXERCISES 
Exercise 1: The table show how words are formed around the verb produce. List all the 
words you can make from the table and use them in suitable blanks in the sentences. 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 74 
 e r 
produc t iv (e) ity 
 ion 
1. The company……………..a new commodity every year. 
2. The company’s newest ………………………is a special blue soap powder. 
3. The ………………..of soap powders met last year to discuss prices. 
4. That factory is not as………………….now as it was five years ago. 
5. The …………………..of that factory has gone down over the last five years. 
6. The manager of the factory has decided that they must increase their……………….. 
of packets of soap powder. 
Exercise 2: This table shows how certain nouns can be formed from these adjectives, as for 
example activity from active. Make a list of nouns and put each word in its suitable place in the 
sentences, the loss of the letter e in active, secure, mobile and productive. 
active 
equal 
secure 
complex 
mobile ity 
liquid 
solid 
regular 
productive 
similar 
1. The system was complex. Its ………………………….surprised him. 
2. The movements of the products in the factory was rapid. The 
…………………..surprised him. 
3. People who have cars are very mobile. This…………………is a useful thing. 
4. The National Bank has a solid reputation. Its……………….. in money is similar to 
the ……………… of its buildings. 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 75
5. The national economy, like a man should be active. Its………………...is a sign of its 
health. 
6. Your money is secure in the National Bank. Its…………………is important both to 
you and to the bankers. 
7. The workers in those factories are very productive. Their………………is very useful 
to the national economy. 
8. Those men arrive regularly at nine o’clock. Their ………………well-known. 
9. The Americans and British economic systems are very similar. This……………….is 
surprising. 
10. Those two men earn equal sum of money. They have………………in wages because 
they produce the same quantity quality goods. 
Exercise 3: Change the listed words and phrases into agent nouns 
Example: consume → consume-er = consumer 
1. buy 
2. sell 
3. use 
4. work 
5. bank 
6. mine 
7. produce 
8. organize 
9. manage 
10. begin 
11. breed 
12. perform 
13. a man who breeds casttle 
14. a man who owns a house 
15. a man who pays tax 
16. a man who produces whisky 
17. a man who manages a bank 
18. juggle 
19. join 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 76 
20. drive 
Exercise 4: Study this diagram about kinds of production and then answer the questions 
 PRODUCTION 
11. What three types of production are there? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
12. If primary relates to “one”, and secondary relates to “two”, what does tertiary relate to? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
3. What two types of tertiary industry are there? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
4. What type does farming belong to? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
5. What types do these belong to: trading, teaching, building? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
6. Which of these categories relates to the three activities of mining, engineering and 
building? – (1) heavy industries; (2) light industries 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
Exercise 5: Many words are formed by adding –able. There is however an active use of –
able and a passive use. Try these exercises 
Exercise 5.1: the active of -able 
hunting 
fishing 
farming 
egineering 
building 
gas, electricity 
Tertiary 
industries 
Primary 
industries 
Secondary 
industries 
intermediate final 
banking 
trading 
insurance 
teaching 
medicine 
defence 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 77
Example: Fruit can perish – Fruit is perishable. 
Note that can is not always necessary in the first sentence. 
1. The plan can work. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
2. Market condition can change. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
3. Economic condition can vary. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
4. These policies suit (us). 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
5. Those products have a value. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
6. Some investments make a profit. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
Exercise 5.2: The passive use of –able 
Example: The difficulty can be avoided. – The difficulty is avoidable. 
1. The commodity can be marketed. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
2. The plan can be tested. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
3. The flow of work can be measured. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
4. The relationship can be defined. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
5. The product can be obtained. 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
Exercise 6: Make acronyms or letter-names from the groups of names below. 
1. The Organization of African Unity 
2. The United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Northern 
Ireland) 
3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 
Unit 3: Mixed economies 
 78 
4. The European Economic Community 
5. Association of South East Asian Nations 
6. United Nations Organization 
7. World Health Organization 
8. The International Labour Organization 
9. The International Monetary Fund 
10. The Food and Agricultural Organization 
11. Trans World Airlines 
12. British European Airways 
13. General Agreement on Tariff and Trade 
KEY TO UNIT 3 
Text 3.1 
Ngày nay không có nước nào hoàn toàn là xã hội chủ nghĩa; không có nước nào hoàn toàn 
là tư bản chủ nghĩa. 
Các hệ thống kinh tế của các quốc gia khác nhau có xu hướng hoặc là tư bản chủ nghĩa hoặc 
xã hội chủ nghĩa, và có nhiều nước rất khó phân loại một cách chính xác. 
Nhiều nước thấy cần thiết phải kiểm soát và điều tiết các điều kiện kinh tế quốc gia. 
Thậm chí các hệ thống kinh tế dựa trên các xí nghiệp tư nhân hoàn toàn tự do như nước Mỹ 
cũng cảm thấy điều này là rất cần thiết. Các nước chưa phát triển trên thế giới thường quan tâm 
đến việc kiểm soát và lập kế hoạch lâu dài. 
Những nước như Ấn độ có các kế hoạch do chính phủ hướng dẫn. Ấn độ có sự phân biệt 
giữa thành phần kinh tế tư nhân và thành phần kinh tế nhà nước. 
Những hệ thống kimh tế như vậy có cả thành phần kinh tế tư nhân và thành phần kinh tế 
nhà nước, không phải là tư bản chủ nghĩa mà cũng không phải là xã hội chủ nghĩa, có lúc được 
gọi là nền kinh tế hỗn hợp. 
Nước Anh ngày nay có nền kinh tế hỗn hợp. 
Thành phần kinh tế nhà nước của Anh là các ngành công nghiệp quốc hữu hoá như than đá, 
thép, đường sắt và BOAC. 
Thành phần kinh tế tư nhân chủ yếu là các ngành công nghiệp quốc gia cả lớn và nhỏ. 
Thành phần kinh tế tư nhân bao gồm các công ty lớn như ICI và BP và rất nhiều các tổ chức 
kinh doanh gia đình cỡ nhỏ. 

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