Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành quản trị kinh doanh - Phần 7

 
In 1962 the British government set up an official body to plan national economic policies. 
This body is called the National Economic Development Council. The members of this council 
are representatives of the employers, employees and other interested people. 
Exercise 1 
Answer these questions. You may answer either YES or NO. Give your reasons. Quote 
from the text in support of your answer. 
1. Are there any completely communistic states? 
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2. Are there any completely capitalistic states? 
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3. Do the various national economies tend towards one or other ideology? 
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4. Are the various economic systems difficult to classify? 
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5. Have most countries found economic control necessary? 
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6. Has the USA felt the same need? 
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7. Are the under-developed countries interested in control and planning? 
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8. Has the India had a number of national economic plans? 
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9. Is the Indian economy based entirely on private enterprise? 
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10. Does the Indian economy have two distinct sectors? 
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11. Is the Indian system a mixed economy? 
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12. Is BOAC a nationalized British industry? 
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13. Is the ICI a nationalized British Industry? 
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14. Was the NEDC set up by British government? 
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15. Are both employers and employees represented on NEDC? 
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Exercise 2 
Answer these questions, basing your answer on the text. 
1. Why is it difficult to classify many national economic systems? 
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2. What are the under-developed countries interested in? 
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3. What are the Indian systems sometimes called? 
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4. In which sector are the majority of British industries? 
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5. What did the British government set up in 1962? 
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Exercise 3 
Change these sentences by changing certain adjectives into verbs. The new verbs are listed, 
but not in the proper order. Note that all these verbs are concerned with making something 
happen. 
Example: They made the economy regular. 
 They regulated the economy. 
Complicate; consolidate; liquidate; simplify; nationalize; internationalize; activate; re-
activate. 
1. They made the subject complex. 
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2. They made the subject simple. 
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3. They made the businesses “solid” (by bringing them together). 
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4. They made the business “liquid” (by breaking it up or dissolving it) 
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5. They made the economy active. 
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6. They made the economy active again (or for a second time). 
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7. They made the industry national (or public). 
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8. They made the business international. 
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2. LANGUAGE PRACTICE 
2.1. Suffixes -ify and -cation 
Study the table. It shows how words can be formed by adding the suffixes -ify and –cation 
(with suitable changes in spelling). 
Example: simple ____ simplify _____ simplification 
Use the table and the example to help you fill in the blank in the sentences 
ify 
Simple 
Note 
Pure 
Class 
Clear (= clar-) 
ification 
NOTE: remember to remove the “e” in simple, note and pure. 
a. This plan is not simple enough. We must therefore _______ it. The ______ of plan is 
essential. 
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 66 
b. The economy of that country belongs in the Marxist group or class. We must therefore 
______ it as communistic. The _______ of the economy of that country is not difficult. 
c. That water is not pure enough. It is necessary therefore to _______ it. The ________ of 
the water is a matter of public health. 
d. Please send a note to the members of the Council. You should _______ them of the date 
of the next Council meeting. The _______ should reach them this week. 
e. The economics teacher tried to make the situation clear. He tried to ________ his 
description by making it simpler. When he made this ________, his students understood 
the whole mater much better. 
2.2. Forming new words from the basic word 
Seven words can be formed from the basic word nation. This table shows you how to do it. 
Make a list of the words and put each word in its suitable place in the sentences. You will also 
need the word nation itself. 
Suffix Stem 
1 2 3 
d ize 
ation 
ism 
Nation 
al 
ist ic 
a. The USA is the homeland of the American _________. 
b. Most countries have _________ banks, such as the Bank of England. 
c. The Socialist Party has plans to _________ various privately owned industries. 
d. British Rail is already a ________ industry, because it is publicly owned. 
e. The name given to the change from private to public ownership is ______ ____. 
f. In the last twenty years ________ has been a strong political force leading to the 
information of many new nations. 
g. A person who is interested in the progress and history of his own country may be 
called a ________. 
h. Many governments have certain policies which are not international but simply 
________. 
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 67
3. TEXT 3.2 
No state today is completely communistic; no state is completely capitalistic. The various 
national economic systems tend generally toward one type or the other, but many systems are 
difficult to classify. 
It has been found necessary in many countries, even in such dedicated strongholds of free 
enterprise as the USA, to control or regulate national economic conditions. The under-developed 
countries of the world are inevitably interested in control long-term plans guided by the 
government. Indian has had a number of plans guided by the government. India makes a clear 
distinction between the public sector and the private sector of its economy. Systems of this type 
are sometimes called mixed economies. 
Britain nowadays has a mixed economy. In the public sector, British economic lives are the 
nationalised industries like coal, steel, British Rail and BOAC. In the private sector are the 
majority of the nation’s industries, both large and small, from giants like ICI and BP to small 
family businesses. 
In 1962 the government set up an official planning body to guide national economic 
policies. This body is known as the National Economic Development Council. The members of 
NEDC are representatives of the employers’ federations, and the Trade Union Congress, together 
with members of the government, eminent industrialists and leading economists. 
The main function of the NEDC is planning national production and setting up production 
targets. It is however a very difficult mater to plan ahead in a mixed economy. It is not possible to 
plan ahead any certainty even in a rigidly controlled economy, because natural disasters, political 
changes and other factors can affect the general plan in unexpected ways. 
Exercise 1 
Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F), and if they are false say 
why. 
1. The USSR is completely communistic. 
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2. The USA is not completely capitalistic. 
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3. The many economic systems in the world are not difficult to classify. 
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4. Even the United States finds it necessary to control national economic conditions to a 
certain extent. 
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5. The interest of the under-developed countries in long-term planning is inevitable. 
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6. India makes a clear distinction between the two sectors of its typically mixed economy. 
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7. The nationalized industries in Britain are inevitably in the private sector of the 
economy. 
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8. Giants like ICI and BP are not publicly owned. 
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9. The British government controls the economy very strictly through the NEDC. 
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10. Planning ahead in a mixed economy is not particularly difficult. 
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Exercise 2 
Combine these pairs of sentences in the two ways shown in the example. 
Example: The government has set up an official committee. This committee must decide 
national economic policy. 
i. The government has set up an official committee which must decide national 
economic policy. 
ii. The government has set up an official committee to decide national economic 
policy. 
1. The economists have organized a commission. This commission must study the 
economic problems of Latin America. 
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2. The workers have demanded an investigation. This investigation must find out what 
happened in the factory. 
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3. The Trade Unions have asked for a new plan. This plan must regulate the flow of work. 
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4. The government has proposed a new scheme. This scheme must come into operation 
next year.