Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành quản trị kinh doanh - Phần 14

aker and monopolies 
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e. It’s a gift for your daughter’s birthday. 
……………………………………………………….. 
f. As the price was too high, she didn’t buy the bicycle. 
……………………………………………………….. 
g. She is only a housewife, but she talks as if she were a professor. 
……………………………………………………….. 
h. Since she was sleepy, she went to bed. 
……………………………………………………….. 
i. We must speak English for she doesn’t speak Vietnamese. 
……………………………………………………….. 
j. He became an animal doctor since he liked animals. 
……………………………………………………….. 
3. TEXT 6.2 
THE IMPACT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS INVESTMENT ON THE ECONOMIC 
GROUP 
Bạn hãy đọc kỹ phần nội dung về ảnh hưởng của đầu tư viễn thông tới sự tăng trưởng kinh 
tế dưới đây và làm các bài tập ở sau bài đọc. Bạn có thể tham khảo bảng từ vựng ở cuối bài để 
biết nghĩa của các từ mới. 
The telecommunications industry has been growing at a higher rate of growth than the 
overall rate of growth of all industries in most countries. The industry has also been subject to 
high rates of growth in product innovation and process innovation. However, the pace of 
technological change can also benefit the incumbent if it uses new technologies and services to 
strengthen its market position. 
The argument that the telecommunications market was static in size, often used by 
incumbent monopolist to argue for no or limited entry, was often accepted in the past by policy 
makers. The evidence, however, overwhelmingly contradicts this argument. On the contrary new 
entry and competition have helped expand markets to a significant extent especially by placing 
downward pressure on price and stimulating demand (e.g. in mobile communication). 
Telecommunications is playing an important role in OECD economies so that efficient 
service provision important. General consensus has emerged that efficiency is best achieved 
through competitive structures, hence the importance of regulatory reform. Telecommunications 
can lead to incremental national economic growth in several ways. The sector plays a significant 
role in reducing the transaction costs of doing business, the costs of ordering, gathering 
information, searching for services and using services, and as the role of information in economies 
and the service sector increases its share in overall output, the importance of communications is 
enhanced. Further, telecommunication services provide significant externalities increase as the 
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information content of production increases. That is as the communication intensity of the 
production processes increase. 
Several studies have been undertaken to try and show the impact of telecommunications 
investment on economic growth. For some of these studies, the purpose has been to show that 
improved telecommunications investment and increased consumption of telecommunications 
(which would result from a competitive market environment) would have more broad positive 
impacts on the economy. Analysis in Japan suggests that investment in communication 
broadcasting facilities had a multiplier effect of 2.08 in terms of increased production in the 
Japanese economy. 
Analysis has been undertaken in the United States on the impact of introducing more 
competitive market structures and changing regulatory frameworks. These studies focused on the 
impact of eliminating the regulatory restrictions which were imposed on the Regional Bell 
Operating Companies by the Modification of Final Judgement. For example, the United States 
Council of Economic Advisers estimated in 1995 that, the legislative proposal which had been put 
forward at that time the Administration aimed at opening the telecommunications markets to more 
competition (much of which has been incorporated in the Telecommunication Act of 1996), could 
add $100 billion to GDP over the next decade. Further the estimates indicate that the share of the 
telecommunications and information sector in GDP could double by 2003 and that there could be 
a net increase of 1.4 million jobs in that sector. Incremental capital investment over the next 
decade is estimated to reach $75 billion. The significance of the Council of Economic Advisers’ 
study is the underlying recognition that existing regulatory frameworks are an impediment to 
investment, service development and employment growth. A similar study estimated that by 
eliminating line of business restrictions on the BELL Operating Companies (the present Act has in 
effect eliminated them), the economy would gain 3.6 million additional jobs over the next 10 
years, 0,5 per cent in manufacturing output and $247 billion would be added to GDP. 
Irrespective of the magnitude of the economic impact of information infrastructures, the 
most important factor for policy makers is to understand the social cost of inefficiencies in non-
competitive markets or insufficiently competitive markets. These costs arise in particular from 
lower output in the less competitive markets, slower development and diffusion of application, 
and higher price. Given that the communication industry and the main using industries, especially 
the service sector, from an increasing part of the economy, this can result in high social costs. 
Empirical results have shown that the spillover effects from information and communication 
technologies also have an important influence on the productivity level of the whole economy, 
and inefficient markets will limit these spillover effects. 
Exercise 1 
Answer the following questions based on the text. 
(Hãy trả lời những câu hỏi dưới đây dựa vào nội dung bài khóa) 
1. How is efficiency best achieved according to the consensus? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
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2. How many ways can telecommunications lead to increment national economic growth? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
3. What did the US studies focus on? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
4. What is the most important factor to policy makers? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
5. What form an increasing part of the economy? 
……………………………………………………………………………………………… 
Exercise 2 
Find the verb or adjective from the text that corresponds to the following nouns. 
(Hãy tìm động từ hoặc tính từ trong bài khóa tương ứng với các danh từ sau) 
Nouns Verbs or adjectives 
Argument Argue 
Similarity 
Regulation 
Investment 
Consumption 
Competition 
Elimination 
Significance 
Estimation 
Incremental 
Exercise 3 
PRODUCT 
Theo qui tắc cấu tạo từ thì mỗi một gốc từ có thể cấu tạo được nhiều từ có từ loại khác nhau 
và ý nghĩa khác nhau. Dưới đây là các biến thể của từ PRODUCT. 
- Product (n): something produced. (sản phẩm) 
- Production (n): the act or process of producing. (sự sản xuất) 
Unit 6: Maker and monopolies 
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- Productive (adj): producing or capable of producing, used especially to talk about ability 
to produce abundantly. (sản xuất, khả năng sản xuất) 
- Productivity (n): rate of production; the quality of being productive. (năng suất, sản lượng) 
- Produce (v): to make or manufacture. (sản xuất) 
- Produce (n): agricultural products and especially fruits and vegetables. (sản phẩm nông 
nghiệp – nông sản) 
Use the words given above to complete the sentences: 
(Hãy sử dụng các từ trên để hoàn thành các câu sau) 
1. He is the most _________________ man in the group. 
2. What should we do to reduce _________________ cost? 
3. His labour _________________ is low because the work doesn’t suit him. 
4. Could you tell me about your _________________ plan? 
5. They decided to _________________ more items. 
6. That part of the market sells _________________ while this part sells meat. 
4. LISTENING: DISTRIBUTION 
Sandra Parr is giving Kevin Hughes his telephone messages. 
K.H: Hello, Sandra. Did anyone phone while I was out? 
S.P: Yes, I’ve taken these messages for you. 
MESSAGE: 1 
Can he send a container to Turin by trailer? 
Taken by: Sandra 
Date: Time: 9.30 
MESSAGE: 2 
Do we carry live animals? 
Taken by: Sandra 
Date: Time: 9.42 
MESSAGE: 3 
Is it cheaper to send goods to Hamburg by 
road or rail? 
Taken by: Sandra 
Date: Time: 9.45 
MESSAGE: 4 
Can we collect goods from their factory? 
Taken by: 
Date: Time: 
MESSAGE: 5 
Do we handle containers? 
Taken by: Sandra 
Date: Time: 10.45 
MESSAGE: 6 
What are our European trailer charges? 
Taken by: Anne 
Date: Time:10.34 
Unit 6: Maker and monopolies 
 138
Exercise 1 
Listening comprehension 
Listen to the disc and decide which person from which company asked which question in 
the telephone messages. 
(Hãy nghe và xác định xem ai từ công ty nào hỏi câu hỏi nào trong các tin nhắn qua điện 
thoại nêu ở bảng trên) 
PEOPLE COMPANIES 
Mr. Grey 
Mr. White 
Mrs. Scarlet 
Mr. Black 
Miss Green 
Ms Brown 
Dyers 
Spectrum 
Tanners 
Prism & Co 
Rainbow Co. Ltd 
Colour Co 
Exercise 2 
Reported questions.(Lối nói gián tiếp) 
Khi ta chuyển lại một lời nói ở một thời điểm khác, tới một đối tượng khác ta thường dùng 
lối nói gián tiếp. Khi sử dụng lối nói gián tiếp ta cần lưu ý mấy điểm sau: 
- Về ngữ pháp thì phải lùi một thời. Ví dụ: 
Am, is --> was 
Are --> were 
Do --> did 
Did --> had done 
Will --> would 
Can --> could 
- Về các đaị từ chỉ ngôi, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu cũng phải thay đổi cho phù hợp khi cần 
thiết. Ví dụ: 
 You --> me 
 Your --> mine 
- Về trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì cũng phải chuyển cho phù hợp. Ví dụ 
This morning --> that morning 
Yesterday --> the day before 
Đối với câu hỏi gián tiếp, bạn cần lưu ý đến vị trí của chủ ngữ và trợ động từ - đó không 
còn là trật tự của một câu hỏi nữa mà là trật tự của câu trần thuật. 
Để hiểu chi tiết hơn về hiện tượng ngữ pháp này bạn hãy xem kỹ phần Tiếng Anh 2. Bây 
giờ bạn hãy viết về những câu hỏi mà mọi người hỏi trong các bản tin ở bài tập số 1 theo mẫu.