Tài liệu luyện thi TOEIC

this way.	
TO INFINITIVE can be used after certain nouns
ability	demand	failure	request	
ambition	desire	offer	scheme
anxiety	determination	plan	willingness
attempt	eagerness	promise	wish	
decision	effort	refusal	readiness
	Ex: His ability to get on with people is his chief asset.
	 Ex: He made an effort to stand up. 
catch/find/leave	+	Object	+ 	V-ing
spend/ waste	+ 	Time	+	V-ing
have fun/ a good time	+ 	V-ing
have trouble/difficulty	+ 	V-ing
have a hard time/ difficult time	+	V-ing
WORD ENDINGS
COMMON NOUN (THING) ENDINGS
–ism	: baptism, criticism, organism, heroism, patriotism, alcoholism, 
 barbarism, dwarfism, parallelism
–nce	: importance, significance, dependence, arrogance, resistance, 
 subsistence
–ness	: bitterness, conceitedness, darkness, hardness, kindheartedness 
–ion	: excision, damnation, pollution, suggestion, a notion, an action, 
 vexation, concoction, completion. 
–ment	: abridgement, accomplishment, banishment, commencement, 
 embodiment, enhancement, excitement, fragment, garment, ornament, treatment 
–(i)ty	: purity, authority, dubiety, majority, superiority, humidity, cruelty, 
 faculty, honesty, plenty, safety, subtlety 
–age	: baggage, carriage, cartage, damage, dotage, hermitage, homage
 language, luggage, marriage, passage, tillage, tonnage, vicarage, 
 	 village.
–ship	: ambassadorship, citizenship, headship, professorship, chairmanship, 
 fellowship, scholarship, companionship, friendship, hardship,
 relationship, craftsmanship, entrepreneurship, horsemanship, 
 membership, courtship
–th	: bath, birth, death, oath, growth, stealth, filth, health, length, strength, 
 truth, depth, breadth, wealth.
–dom	: earldom, freedom, kingdom, officialdom, wisdom 
 –hood	: childhood, falsehood, sisterhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, 
 likelihood, livelihood 
–ure	: closure, picture, scripture, legislature, nature, failure, pleasure, 
 treasure
–cy	: bankruptcy, captaincy, democracy, privacy, delicacy, advocacy, 
 confederacy, accuracy, obstinacy, piracy, , aristocracy, expectancy,
 efficiency, presidency, sufficiency, deficiency 
–(t)ry	: rivalry, ancestry, carpentry, industry, greenery, machinery, scenery, 
 bakery, brewery, bravery, slavery, archery 
–logy	: archaeology, geology, sociology, theology, zoology
 –graphy	: bibliography, biography
 COMMON NOUN (PERSON) ENDINGS
– or	: actor, creator, doctor, monitor, sculptor, successor, guarantor, 
 conqueror, donor, governor, solicitor, tailor, visitor. bachelor 
– er	: hatter, geographer, astrologer, cottager, foreigner, Londoner, 
 New Yorker, northerner, villager, airliner, old-timer, sorcerer
– ee	: employee, payee, devotee, escapee, conferee, absentee, refugee. 
– ist	: chemist, dramatist, economist, geologist; dentist, pianist, tobacconist;
 Buddhist, Darwinist, idealist, Marxist, racist, optimist, pessimist
– ician	: magician, physician, musician, electrician, beautician, 
 politician, statistician, mathematician, mortician, 	
– ant	(10%)	: assistant, accountant, consultant, contestant, inhabitant 
ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
– ent	: independent, sufficient, absent, ambivalent, ancient, apparent, 
 ardent 
– ant	: arrogant, expectant, important, significant , abundant, ignorant, 
 brilliant, 
– ful	: beautiful, graceful, powerful, grateful, forgetful, mournful, 
Exceptions: handful, mouthful, spoonful are nouns
– ic	: civic, classic, historic, artistic, economic,
– less	: doubtless, fearless, hatless, powerless, countless, tireless, faceless, 
 legless, careless, helpless
– ive	: authoritative, demonstrative, figurative, imitative, qualitative, 
 talkative, active, passive, comparative, possessive
– ous	: dangerous, glorious, murderous, viscous, ferocious, hilarious, 
– able	: charitable, separable, bearable, reliable, comfortable, suitable.
– ible	: audible, compressible, edible, horrible, terrible
 – al	: central, general, oral, colossal, tropical, tidal 
Exceptions : rival, arrival, proposal, withdrawal, survival are nouns
 – ory	: mandatory, compulsory, predatory, satisfactory
Exceptions : dormitory, promontory, territory are nouns
 – ary	: arbitrary, budgetary, contrary, primary, temporary, necessary
 – y	: angry, happy, icy, messy, milky, tidy, chilly, haughty, slippery, 
– ly	: beastly, cowardly, queenly, rascally
 – (r)ate (10%): temperate, accurate, considerate, immediate, literate
 – ish	: boorish, boyish, foolish, womanish, bookish, feverish, bluish, reddish
COMMON VERB ENDINGS
– en/ en –	: listen, happen, strengthen, lengthen, shorten, soften, ripen, deepen, 
 widen, entrust, enslave, enlighten, entangle, enlarge, encourage, 
 enable, enrich 
– ate	: assassinate, associate, fascinate, felicitate, hydrate, separate, 
 vaccinate, evacuate
– ize	: characterize, idolize, agonize, apologize, sympathize, theorize, 
 authorize, extemporize, fertilize, fossilize, jeopardize, moralize, 
 Americanize, carbonize, oxidize
– ify	: pacify, satisfy, petrify, solidify, horrify
COMMON ADVERB ENDING
– ly	: amusingly, deservedly, firstly, fully, greatly, happily, hourly, truly, 
 firstly, secondly
– wise	: crosswise, lengthwise, otherwise, clockwise 
– ways	: edgeways, endways, lengthways, sideways 
– ward	: backward, homeward, inward, onward, skyward, eastward
SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
BASIC SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
Singular Subject + Singular Verb
Plural Subject + Plural Verb
Ex: 	My friend lives in Boston.
	Growing flowers is her hobby.
	My friends live in Boston.
SPECIAL CASES
Sing Subject 1 and Sing Subject 2 + Plural Verb
1. 
Ex: 	The actor and the singer are coming.
	Jean and David are coming back to Australia.
Note: However, phrases connected by and can be followed by singular verbs if we think of them as making up a single item. 
Ex:	Meat pie and peas is Tom’s favorite at the moment
	Fish and chips is my favorite food
	 of
	 in addition to	
	 with	
Subject 1 + 	 together with	 + Subject 2	+ Verb
	 along with	
	 as well as
	no less than
	 like/ unlike
2.
Ex:	One of my friends is here.	
You together with Tom are responsible for this failure.
Either	 or
	 + Subject 1 +	+ Subject 2 + Verb
Neither	 nor	
	3.	
Ex: 	Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach
There	+ be	+ 	Noun
	4.	
Ex:	There is a book on the shelf
	There are three books on the shelf
There/ Here 	+ Verb	+ 	Noun	
5.	
Ex: 	Here comes the Queen. 
	 	Here lie many unknown soldiers.	
Every	Noun (singular)
Each	 +	 + Singular Verb
Either	of the Noun (plural)
Neither	
	6.	
Ex:	Each boy/ each of the boys has a gift.
Note: 	Each boy and each girl is to do this exercise.
Everyone	Something	Nobody
Everybody	Anyone	Nothing
Everything	Anybody	 +	Singular Verb	
Someone	Anything
Somebody	No one
	7.	
Ex: Everyone has his or her own idea.
A/the majority of
A number of
A lot of	 + 	Plural Noun	+	Plural Verb
Plenty of 
Some of
None of
Half of
No
a. 	
Ex:	A number of refugees have been turned back at the border.
Plenty of potatoes are grown here.
None of the answers are correct.
The number of +	Plural Noun	+ Singular Verb
b.	
Ex: 	The number of books in the library has risen to over five million.
Any of
None of
The majority of
A lot of	+ Uncountable Noun + Singular Verb	
Plenty of
All (of)
Some (of)
	c. 
Ex:	All the furniture was destroyed in the fire.
council	company	government	staff 	Singular Verb ( if they 
association	crowd	group	team	are referred to as a group)
audience	department	jury	university
class	electorate	orchestra	faculty	 	
club	enemy	population	choir
college	family	press	gang	Plural Verb ( if they are seen
committee	firm	public	couple	as a collection of individual)
community	generation	school	cabinet
9.
	Ex: 	The team is winning. (the team as a group)
The team are going back to their homes. (meaning individual members of the team)
belongings	riches	glasses
clothes	savings	pliers	
congratulations	stairs	pants
earnings	surroundings	+ Plural Verb
goods	thanks
outskirts	scissors
particulars	shorts
premises	jeans
10.	
	Ex:	 The pants are in the drawer.
	(A pair of pants is in the drawer)
police
people	+	Plural Verb
cattle
poultry
11.	
	Ex:	The police are looking for the missing child.
news	measles	rabies
physics	statistics	diabetes
politics	mathematics	gymnastics	+	Singular Verb
mumps	physics	athletics
economics	phonetics	linguistics
12. 
Ex: 	Physics is difficult.
	The news is alarming.
13.	The titles of books, plays, movies, etc., always take a singular verb
Ex:	The Los Angeles Times is on the desk.
	Gulliver’s Travels is a well-known children’s book.
Nouns stating an amount of time, money or measurement always take a singular verb
Ex:	 Five minutes is not enough to do this exercise.
	Thirty-five dollars is too much for this shirt.
	Four -hundred miles is too much to drive in one day.
The + Adjective	+ 	Plural Verb
Ex: 	The poor need help.
Uncountable Noun	 +	Singular Verb
baggage	clothing	equipment	food	fruit	furniture
garbage	hardware	jewelry	junk	luggage	machinery
mail	makeup	money	cash	change	postage
water	coffee	tea	milk	oil	soup
gasoline	blood
ice	bread	butter	cheese	meat	gold
iron	silver	glass	paper	wood	wool
steam	air	oxygen	nitrogen	smoke	pollution
rice	chalk	corn	dust	grass	hair	
pepper	dirt	salt	sand	flour	wheat
beauty	confidence	courage	education	enjoyment	fun
happiness	health	help	honesty	hospitality	importance
intelligence	justice	knowledge	laughter	music	luck
patience	peace	pride	progress	recreation	sleep
truth	violence	wealth	
advice	information	news	evidence	proof	time
space	energy	homework	work	grammar	slang
vocabulary	
driving	swimming	traveling	working
baseball	soccer	tennis	chess	
weather	dew	fog	hail	heat	humidity
lightning	rain	sleet	snow	thunder	wind
darkness	light	sunshine	electricity	fire	gravity
16.	
Fluids
Solids
Gases
Particles
Abstraction
Activities
Natural
phenomena
Ex:	 Smoking is harmful to your health.