Tài liệu học ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh

Contents

 

Editorial team 2

Introduction 2

Note on Examples 7

Guide to the Use of the Grammar 8

Glossary of Grammatical Terms 9

Cobuild Grammar Chart 18

Chapter 1 Referring to people and things 19

Nouns 21

Pronouns 38

Determiners 48

Chapter 2 Giving information about people and things 61

Adjectives 62

Possessives 89

Quantifiers 91

Numbers 97

Qualifiers 107

Chapter 3 Making a message 113

Transitivity 113

Complementation 139

Phase 147

Chapter 4 Varying the message 153

Mood 153

Negation 162

Modality 169

Chapter 5 Expressing time 188

Verb tenses 189

Adjuncts of time 197

Chapter 6 Expressing manner and place 213

Adjuncts 213

Manner 216

Place 223

Chapter 7 Reporting what people say or think 235

Chapter 8 Combining messages 254

Subordination 255

Coordination 274

Chapter 9 Making texts 282

Cohesion 282

Ellipsis 290

Chapter 10 The structure of information 293

The Reference Section 317

Index 338

 

 

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l
in negative clauses 5.140
in adjuncts of duration to indicate when something stopped 5.140
from... until 5.142
in time clauses 8.20, 8.24
us 1.104-106
used to 4.258-262
instead of would to refer to irregular events in the past 4.115, 4.259
in reported clauses 7.54
V	
various 1.230
verbal nouns
see '-ing' nouns
verbs
=>compound verbs 3.118-126
=>delexical verbs 3.33-46
=>ditransitive verbs 3.74-83
=>ergative verbs 3.60-68
=>intransitive verbs 3.9-14
=>link verbs 3.137-148
=>performative verbs 10.102-105
=>phrasal verbs 3.84-117
=>reciprocal verbs 3.69-73
=>reflexive verbs 3.27-32
=>reporting verbs 7.5-13
=>transitive verbs 3.15-26
list of verbs followed by adjuncts of direction 3.13
list of verbs followed by adjuncts of position 3.13
verbs used in transitive or intransitive clauses 3.48-55
list of verbs which are transitive in some meanings and intransitive in others 3.49
omitting the object 3.50-53
lists of normally transitive verbs which can be used without an object 3.51, 3.53
verbs which take a direct object or prepositional phrase 3.56-59
verbs which act like link verbs when followed by certain prepositions 3.148
position of main verb in 'yes/no'-question 4.12
list of verbs used to specify position 6.58
concord with place names 6.104
verbs that do not refer to speech or thought but can be followed by a 'that'-clause 7.82
choice of tense in time clauses 8.9
using and to link identical verbs for emphasis 8.156
lists of verbs usually used in the passive 10.18
lists of verbs rarely used in the passive 10.19
list of verbs referring to needs or wants that can be used in cleft sentences 10.30
list of verbs which can have impersonal it as object 10.35
list of verbs used with impersonal it to describe the weather 10.36
verbs used with impersonal it as subject 10.40
verb forms R52-79
forming participles R59-70
pronunciation R55, R57, R59
list of verbs with irregular past forms and past participles R72
forms of auxiliaries R80-87
formation of tenses R89-119
verbs not usually used in continuous tenses R120-122
non-finite verb groups R123-135
very
as emphasizing adjective 2.43
as submodifier 2.145
submodifying like 2.170
submodifying superlatives 2.173
submodifying general determiners 1.233
vocatives 10.115-119
position in sentence 10.116
using titles and surnames 10.117
voice
see active, passive
W
want
in phase structures 3.192, 3.199, 3.213
used in making requests 4.240
way
the way, in a way, and in the way, used like conjunctions in clauses of manner 8.78
we 1.97-103
well
after could, might, or may to express strong possibility 4.128
were
in conditional clauses with a 'to'-infinitive 8.33, 8.36
instead of was after as if or as though 8.81
what
as interrogative pronoun 1.150-152
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-21, 4.29
what about or what of in questions without a verb 4.41
in nominal relative clauses 8.113
in cleft sentences 10.28-30
in exclamations 10.107-108
whatever
in 'wh'- questions 4.30
in conditional clauses 8.42
whatsoever 4.92
when
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-21, 4.25
in relative clauses 8.104-105
whenever 8.13, 8.24
where
in 'wh'-questions 
with adjectives such as necessary or possible 8.24
in place clauses 8.74
in relative clauses 8.104-105, 8.114
whereas 8.66
whereby 8.107
whereupon 8.21
wherever
in 'wh'-questions 4.30
with adjectives such as necessary or possible 8.24
in place clauses 8.76
whether
'whether'-clauses used to report questions 7.32
list of verbs that can come before 'whether'-clauses 7.33
in 'to'-infinitive clauses, with or 8.40-41
which
as relative pronoun 1.145, 1.147, 8.84, 8.91, 8.94
as interrogative pronoun 1.150-152
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-21, 4.24
of which instead of whose in relative clauses 8.102
in relative clauses commenting on the whole of the main clause 8.110
in clauses commenting on a situation or time 8.111
whichever
in conditional clauses 8.42
in nominal relative clauses 8.115
while
in time clauses 8.11, 8.24
in concessive clauses 8.66, 8.71
whilst
in time clauses 8.11
in concessive clauses 8.66, 8.71
who
as relative pronoun 1.145-146, 8.84, 8.90, 8.93
as interrogative pronoun 1.150-152
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-22
use of who contrasted with whom 4.22
whoever
in 'wh'-questions 4.30
in conditional clauses 8.42
in nominal relative clauses 8.115
whom
as relative pronoun 1.145-146, 8.84, 8.90, 8.93
as interrogative pronoun 1.150-152
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-22
use of whom contrasted with who 4.22
of whom instead of whose in relative clauses 8.102
whose
as relative pronoun 1.149, 8.84, 8.101
as interrogative pronoun 1.150-152
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-21, 4.23
replaced by of which or of whom in written English 8.102
'wh'-questions 4.17-30
word order 4.19-20
questions without a verb 4.21
use of who and whom 4.22
use of whose 4.23
use of which 4.24
use of when and where 4.25
use of why 4.26
use of how 4.27
how combined with other words in 'wh'-questions 4.28
use of what 4.29
what combined with if or for in 'wh'-questions 4.29
use of whatever, wherever, and whoever 4.30
use of what about or what of with no verb 4.41-42
negative 'wh'-questions beginning with why to make suggestions 4.42
reporting 'wh'-questions 7.34
'wh'-words
list 4.18
word order in 'wh'-questions 4.19-20
used after a preposition, followed by a 'to'-infinitive 7.93
nominal use of 'wh'-clauses 7.92
used to report 'wh'-questions 7.34
verbs that can come before clauses starting with 'wh'-words 7.35
see also 'wh'-questions
why
in 'wh'-questions 4.17-20, 4.26
negative 'wh'-questions beginning with why used to make suggestions 4.42
use of why and whereby in defining clauses 8.107
will
negative form won't 4.105
shortened to 'll after a pronoun 4.108
referring to the future 4.111, 5.53, R104
replaced by would in report structures 4.114
expressing likelihood 4.124
expressing certainty about the future 4.133
will not used to express prohibition 4.153
used in instructions 4.162
used to ask for help 4.162
used to give an order 4.172
used to make an offer or invitation 4.178
used to state intentions 4.195
will not used to express unwillingness to do something 4.201
used to express the necessity of an action 4.217
used with dare 4.255
used to form the future tense 5.53, R104
used in reported clauses 7.52
with
after predicative adjectives 2.52
main use as preposition 2.301
use in report structures 7.75
use in passive constructions 10.15
lists of verbs used with with in the passive 10.16
within
in adjuncts of duration 5.130-131
wonder
as reporting verb 7.21
used with an 'if'-clause or a 'whether'-clause 7.33
used to make a polite request 7.63
won't
as shortened form of will not 4.105
used to express unwillingness to do something 4.195, 4.201
word order
position of adjectives 2.19-23, 2.58-66
position of numbers 2.230, 2.236, 2.250
position of objects of ditransitive verbs 3.80
position of objects of phrasal verbs 3.102-105
position of preposition in phrasal verbs 3.116
order of subject, verb, and complement 3.128
'yes/no'-questions 4.12
negative non-finite clauses 4.53-54
negative statements 4.49-52, 4.60-62, 4.73, 4.208
position of broad negatives 4.84-88
position of adjuncts 5.41, 5.70-83, 6.7-13
time expressions 5.98
order of subject and verb after adjuncts 6.15
position of adverbs 6.24, 6.48, 6.50, 6.90
position of objects of prepositions 6.57
order of prepositional phrases and after a verb 6.122
position of prepositional phrases 6.58-63
order of subject and intransitive verb after a prepositional phrase 6.63
quote structures 7.19-21
report structures 7.24, 7.28
adverbial clauses 8.7
putting the verb first in some conditional clauses 8.36
result clauses 8.54, 8.62
of sentences containing result clauses 8.62
concessive clauses 8.70
place clauses 8.75
relative clauses 8.98-99
position of non-finite clauses 8.119, 8.132
order of elements in a clause 10.1-2
position of complement in passive constructions 10.21
position of focusing adverbs 10.90
position of vocative 10.116
worse
as superlative of badly 6.32
as adverb of degree 6.52
as superlative of bad R28
worst
as comparative of badly 6.32
as adverb of degree 6.52
as comparative of bad R28
would
negative form wouldn't 4.105
shortened to 'd after a pronoun 4.108
used instead of will in report structures 4.114
referring to regular events in the past 4.115
referring to the future in narrative 4.116
with not to express past reluctance 4.117, 4.202
expressing likelihood 4.124-125
expressing possibility in the past 4.141
used in instructions 4.163
asking for help 4.163
would like used to give an order 4.171
would like used to make a request 4.175
used to make an offer or invitation 4.179
would like used to express a wish 4.207
would not used to express a negative wish 4.208
would rather or would sooner used to express a preference 4.210
expressing a wish about the past 4.211
followed by a 'that'-clause to express a wish 4.213
used in expressing an opinion 4.226
used with dare 4.255
used in reported clauses 7.51-52
wouldn't
as shortened form of would not 4.105
used to make an offer or invitation 4.179
used to express past unwillingness to do something 4.202
Y
-y
added to colour adjectives 2.36
'yes/no'-questions 4.12-16
position of auxiliary, subject, and main verb 4.12
position of the auxiliary do 4.13
be or have as main verb 4.14
tag questions 4.15
rhetorical questions 4.40
reporting 'yes/no'-questions 7.32
yet
used with comparatives and superlatives 2.165, 5.80
referring to an expected situation 5.78-79
used after adjuncts of duration with for 5.127
used to link clauses 8.140, 8.145
used to link adjectives 8.175
used to link adverbs 8.176
you 1.97-106
used to refer to people in general 10.13
your 1.192-207
yours 1.110-113
yourself 1.115-122, 3.27-32
yourselves 1.115-122, 3.27-32

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