Relative clauses or adjective clauses

BIEÂN SOAÏN : NGUYEÃN THÒ THANH TRIEÂU
A. Relative pronouns :
SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSION
FOR PERSONS WHO WHO(M) WHOSE
FOR THINGS
 & ANIMALS
WHICH WHICH OF WHICH
WHOSE
B. Relative adverbs :
WHERE : in which, in the place , at that place
WHEN : on the day, at that time
WHY : for the reason
- I don’t know the reason why she is absent today.
- She couldn’t remember the place where she was born.
1. Defining clauses (Restrictive clauses) :
- The scientist who discovered a new planet has won the Nobel prize.
- The old castle which we visited was really interesting.
2. Non-defining clauses (Non-restrictive clauses) :
- Jack , who lives next door to my house , is very handsome.
- The TItanic , which is over 200 miles long , is known as the red planet.
RELATIVE CLAUSES OR ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
(Meänh ñeà quan heä hay meänh ñeà tính töø)
THE USAGE OF TENSES (Caùch söû duïng caùc thì)
TENSE (Thì) USAGE (Caùch söû duïng) EXAMPLES (Ví duï)
(* es : s, x, sh, ch, z, o)
1. General statement or truth
(Söï thaät hieån nhieân khaúng ñònh)
2. Present action
(Haønh ñoäng hieän taïi)
(always, often, usually, rarely...)
3. Habit in the present
(Thoùi quen hieän taïi)
[every(day, week, month, year)]
4. Stative verbs, verbs of perception, 
emotion, possession or mental state
(Ñoäng töø chæ traïng thaùi, giaùc quan, 
tình caûm, sôû höõu hay tinh thaàn)
 (know, realize, recognize, doubt, 
need, feel, taste, see, sound, 
smell, envy, want, possess, 
belong, exist, cost,)
1. The sun rises in the East
and sets in the West.
2. My father works in a 
bank.
3. We get up at 6 every day.
4. - His propose sounds
wonderful.
- The game begins in 10
minutes.
SIMPLE TENSES (Thì ñôn)
1. An action happening at a definite 
time in the past
(Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra vaøo thôøi ñieåm
 xaùc ñònh trong quaù khöù)
 [last night, yesterday, last (week, 
month, year, )]
2. A completed action in the past
(Haønh ñoäng hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù)
(ago)
3. Historical facts or past events
(Söï kieän lòch söû hay söï kieän trong 
quaù khöù)
1. Mary saw that film last 
night.
2. His uncle lived in Hanoi 
5 years ago.
3. Ñieän Bieân Phuû battle 
happened in 1954.
to)(-
Will
Shall V
¿
¾
½
- An action or state in the future.
(Haønh ñoäng hoaëc traïng thaùi ôû 
töông lai)
[tomorrow, next (week, month, year)]
- The students will have a 
test tomorrow.
column2
ed
ndVS 
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANHÁ
2
SIMPLE
PRESENTI
SIMPLE
PASTII
SIMPLE
FUTUREIII
es*
s
It
She
He
V
°
¿
°
¾
½
°
¿
°
¾
½I
You
We
They
V
CONTINUOUS TENSES (Thì tieáp dieãn)
ing
are
is
am
V 
°
¿
°
¾
½
1. An action happening at the present 
time
(Haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi)
right now, now)
2. A plan or an action in the near 
future
(Haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû 
töông lai gaàn)
1. -
-
2.
 The teacher is
explaining the lesson
at the present.
 It is raining now.
We’re having a party 
tomorrow.
ing
Were
Was V 
¿
¾
½
1. An action going on at a certain 
point of time in the past.
(Haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra ôû moät 
thôøi ñieåm nhaát ñònh trong quaù khöù)
 (at this time, by this time)
2. An action going on when another 
action happening in the past.
(Haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra khi moät
haønh ñoäng khaùc xaûy ra trong quaù khöù)
3. Two actions going on at the same 
time in the past.
(Hai haønh ñoäng cuøng ñang xaûy ra 
trong quaù khöù)
(while)
1. Tom was watching TV at 
this time last night.
2. The tourist lost his 
camera while he was
traveling around the city
3. While my mother was
cooking, my father was
fixing his car last night
Will + Be + V+ ing
1. An action that will be happening at 
a certain point of time in the future
(Haønh ñoäng dieãn tieán vaøo thôøi ñieåm
nhaát ñònh trong töông lai) 
(at this time next (month, year,), 
 by the time)
2. An action that will be happening 
when another action takes place in 
the future
(Moät haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra khi moät
haønh ñoäng khaùc xaûy ra trong töông lai)
1. At this time next year, my 
brother will be studying
in America .
2. When you arrive, they 
will be studying music 
lessons.
 (at the present, at the moment, 
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANH CAÁP 3Á Á
3
PRESENT
CONTINUOUSI
PAST
CONTINUOUSII
FUTURE
CONTINUOUSIII
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANH CAÁP 3Á Á
4
Have
Has .PP
¿
¾
½
Had .PP
HaveWill .PP
PERFECT TENSES ( Thì hoaøn thaønh)
S (Thì hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn)PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
1. An action happening at an 
indefinite time in the past
(Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra ôû moät thôøi ñieåm
khoâng xaùc ñònh trong quùa khöù)
2. An action happening in the past 
and continuing up to the present
(Haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù 
coøn keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi)
 (up to now, up to the present, so 
far, for, since, lately, recently, 
already, never, ever)
3. A repeated action in the past
(Haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laäp laïi nhieàu laàn 
trong quaù khöù)
 (many times, several times, 
repeatedly, over and over)
4. An action that has just happened.
(Haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra)
 (Just)
1. My sister has lost her 
keys.
2. The students have
studied English for five 
years.
3. They have heard that 
song many times.
4. Her sister has just had
dinner.
- An action that had happened before 
another action in the past
(Haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra tröôùc moät
haønh ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù)
- When they arrived, we 
had gone to the movies.
- An action that will have finished at
a certain point of time in the future
(Haønh ñoäng seõ hoaøn taát ôû moät thôøi 
ñieåm nhaát ñònh trong töông lai)
- By this time next year, 
their brother will have 
completed his English 
courses.
ingBeenHave
Has V
¿
¾
½
BeenHad ingV
ingBeenHaveillW V
Perfect Continuous Tense
nhaán maïnh ñeán tính lieân tuïc,
khoâng giaùn ñoaïn cuûa haønh ñoäng.
PRESENT
PERFECTI
PAST
PERFECTII
FUTURE
PERFECTIII
PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
I
PAST
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
II
FUTURE
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
III
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Caâu ñieàu kieän)
Notes : * Unless = If . . . not
- These plants will die unless you water them regularly.
* Inversion of subject and verb (Ñaûo chuû ngöõ vaø ñoäng töø)
- If she had more practice, she would speak English better.
o Did she have more practice, she would speak English better.
- If I had seen her, I would have given her your letter .
o Had I seen her, I would have given her your letter .
* Simple present
- If it rains , we won’t go shopping.
Will
Can
May
)to(V 
°
¿
°
¾
½
* Past subjunctive )to(V 
Might
Could
Would
°
¿
°
¾
½
(Be : Were - caû 3 ngoâi)
- If I were you , I wouldn’t do that.
* Past perfect
Might
Could
Would
°
¿
°
¾
½
P.PHave 
- If it hadn’t rained yesterday , we would have gone to the beach.
CONDITION
(Ñieàu kieän)
IF CLAUSE
(Meänh ñeà IF)
MAIN CLAUSE
(Meänh ñeà chính)
Future
Possible
Past
Unreal
Present
Unreal
CAÙC DAÏÏNG ÑOÄNG TÖØ SAU “ WISH “
Öôùc muoán
ôû töông lai
Öôùc muoán
ôû hieän taïi
Öôùc muoán
ôû quaù khöù
Ñoäng töø ôû caâu “ coù thaät “ Ñoäng töø sau “ WISH “
I can’t fly to Hanoi tomorrow.
He isn’t going to help me.
He won’t find it for me.
I wish I could fly to Hanoi tomorrow. 
I wish he were going to help me.
I wish he would find it for me.
I don’t have enough time to study
She is drinking beer right now
I can’t speak several languages
I wish I had enough time to study.
I wish she weren’t drinking beer right now.
I wish I could speak several languages ..
Mary didn’t understand this story
Mary couldn’t understand this story
I wish Mary had understood this story.
I wish Mary could have understood this story.
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANHÁ
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SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT (Söï hoøa hôïp giöõa chuû töø vaø ñoäng töø)
1. Chuû ngöõ soá ít o Ñoäng töø soá ít 
- Her only concern is her children .
2. Chuû ngöõø coù AND noái giöõa o Ñoäng töø soá nhieàu/ soá ít, tuøy vaøo nghóa
- Mary and Susan are students .
- Love and to be loved is everything.
4. Chuû ngöõ ñöôïc noái vôùi nhau baèng EITHER  OR, NEITHER  NOR, OR
o Ñoäng töø theo yeáu toá gaàn nhaát
- Either you or I am going to be punished .
5. Chuû ngöõø ñöôïc noái vôùi nhau baèng ALLBUT, BOTH  ANDo Ñoäng töø soá nhieàu
- All but Tom pass the exam .
6. Chuû ngöõø ñi sau EACH, EVERY o Ñoäng töø soá ít
- Every girl likes present .
7. Theo sau ñaïi töø baát ñònh : ANYBODY, ANYONE, EVERYBODY, 
EVERYONE, NONE OF, SOMEBODY . . . o Ñoäng töø soá ít
- Is
- None of us is as strong as all of us.
everyone hot ?
8. Moät caâu baét ñaàu baèng THERE hoaëc HERE o Ñoäng töø ñöôïc chia theo chuû 
töø ñi sau noù
- Here comes the bus.
- There come the dishes.
9. Danh töø taäp hôïp o Ñoäng töø soá ít khi noù ñöôïc ñeà caäp nhö moät toång theå 
- Your family is happy .
10. Danh töø taäp hôïp o Ñoäng töø soá nhieàu khi noù chæ soá nhieàu caùc phaàn töû
- The team are working together well .
3. Chuû ngöõø ñöôïc noái vôùi nhau baèng WITH, TOGETHER, ALONG WITH,
AS WELL ASo Ñoäng töø theo yeáu toá ñi tröôùc
- My sister as well as her friends goes shopping every weekend .
with
along with
together with
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANHÁ
6
11. Caùc töïa saùch, taïp chí, phim, kòch, moùn tieàn, khoaûng thôøi gian o Ñoäng töø soá ít
- A billion dollars is a lot of money.
12. Nhöõng moân hoïc (Economics, Mathematics, Dynamics, Statistics, Physics...)
o Ñoäng töø soá ít
- Physics is my interesting subject .
-
13. Danh töø tröøu töôïng o Ñoäng töø soá ít
All this information is very important .
14. Chuû ngöõ laø danh ñoäng töø, ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu vaø meänh ñeà o Ñoäng töø soá ít
- To speak English requires much practice .
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANH CAÁP 3Á Á
7
1. CAN, COULD
a. CAN : - Khaû naêng coù theå thöïc hieän ñieàu gì.
(Can you speak any foreign languages ?)
- Duøng ñeå yeâu caàu, xin pheùp (Can I have a drink ?)
b. COULD : - Moät khaû naêng naøo ñoù trong quaù khö.ù 
 (She could run 2 miles without stopping when she was young.)
- Moät söï cho pheùp trong quaù khö.ù (I could do anything I wanted.)
- Duøng ñeå yeâu caàu, xin pheùp, nhôø vaû moät caùch lòch söï. 
(Could you pass salt for me, please ?)
2. MAY, MIGHT
- Chæ moät haønh ñoäng coù theå xaûy ra trong töông lai hay moät öôùc ñoaùn.
(Take an umbrella with you. It may rain later.)
- Ñeå xin pheùp, yeâu caàu, ñeà nghò coù tính caùch lòch söï. (Might I say sth ?)
3. MUST :
- Vieäc caàn thieát coù theå xaûy ra. (You must remember to go to the bank today.)
- Ñöa ra moät lôùi khuyeân. (You really must see that film. It’s wonderful) .
- Khaúng ñònh moät ñieàu gì ñoù. (You must be very hungry.)
- Moät vieäc baét buoäc phaûi ñöôïc thöïc hieän. (I must get a hair cut.)
4. SHOULD :
- Moät söï baét buoäc nheï nhaøng hoaëc lôùi khuyeân. (You should study hard.)
- Duøng ôû phuû ñònh (SHOULDN’T) ñeå chæ moät lôøi khuyeân. 
 (The children shouldn’t sit so close the TV.)
MODAL VERBS (ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát )
TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Simple
present
- My mother gives me money 
today.
Am / is/ are + P.P
- I am given money today by 
my mother.
Present
continuous
Am / is/ are + V + ing
- The teacher is asking many 
questions.
Am / is/ are + Being + P.P
- Many questions are being
asked by the teacher.
Present
perfect
Has / Have + P.P
- They have used this 
dictionary for 10 years.
Has / Have + Been + P.P
- This dictionary has been used
for 10 years.
Simple
past - We found the book in his bag.
Was / Were + P.P
- The book was found in his bag.
Past
continuous
Was / Were + V + ing
- My uncle was cutting grass 
when it began to rain.
Was / Were + Being + P.P
- Grass was being cut by my 
uncle when it began to rain.
Past
perfect
Had + P.P
- They had bought the novel 
before I arrived.
Had + Been + P.P
- The novel had been bought
before I arrived.
)to(V 
Must
Might
May
Should
Could
Can
Would
Will
°
°
°
°
°
¿
°
°
°
°
°
¾
½
M
od
al
V
er
bs P.PBe 
Must
Might
May
Should
Could
Can
Would
Will
°
°
°
°
°
¿
°
°
°
°
°
¾
½
to infinitive
Ought
Have
Has
°
¿
°
¾
½
Ought
Have
Has
°
¿
°
¾
½
P.PBeoT 
PASSIVE VOICE (BE + P.P)
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANHÁ
8
ÑAÏI HOÏC SÖ PHAÏM TP. HCM
TRUNG TAÂM LUYEÄN THI ÑAÏI HOÏC VÓNH VIEÃN
115 Lyù Chính Thaéng - Quaän 3
481 Tröôøng Chinh - P.14 - Q.TB
 (Ñoái dieän Trung taâm daïy ngheà Taân Bình, vaøo 30m)
33 Vónh Vieãn - Q.10 (Tröôøng CÑ Kinh Teá)
- ÑT : 846 9886
- ÑT : 810 5851
- ÑT : 830 3795
CAUSATIVE FORM (Daïng truyeàn khieån)
P.P
HAVE O
sb
sth meaningpassiveo
)to(V  O
sb
sth P.P meaningpassiveo
initiveinfToETG 
- The teacher has the students translate this text into English.
o The teacher has this text translated into English.
- I got him to repair the radio last week.
o I got the radio repaired last week.
* Verb + V + ing :
- admit, advise, anticipate, avoid, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, 
dislike, enjoy, finish, forget, keep, mind, mention, miss, postpone, practice,
protest, quit, recall, recollect, recommend, regret, resent, resist, risk, stop, 
suggest, understand
- can’t stand, can’t bear, can’t help, it’s worth, it’s no use, it’s useless
- give up, put off, go on, carry on, . . .
* Verb + To infinitive :
- afford , agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, care, claim, consent, 
decide, demand, expect, fai l, forget, hope, learn, manage, mean, offer, plan, 
prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, struggle, tend, thre aten, wait, . . . 
* Verb + O + To infinitive :
- advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, dare, enable, 
encourage, expect, force , hire, invite, mean, need, order, permit, persuade, 
remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn, would like
*
¯
®
­


ingV
initiveinfTo
VERB :
- begin, start, continue, try, stop, remember, forget , need, regret
°
¯
°
®
­

 initiveinfToO
initiveinfTo
 ingV
VERB
MOÄT SOÁ ÑOÄNG TÖØ THEO SAU LAØ DANH ÑOÄNG TÖØ, ÑOÄNG TÖØ 
NGUYEÂN MAÃU COÙ TO HOAËC DUØNG CHUNG CHO CAÛ HAI
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANH CAÁP 3Á Á
9
* Theâm tieáp ñaàu ngöõ (Prefix) vaøo tröôùc töø
Prefix Meaning Example
dis-
in– im-
un-
mis-
co-
com- con-
bi -
re-
after-
out-
over-
under-
traùi nghóa
sai, loãi laàm
cuøng vôùi
hai
laïi, laàn nöõa
sau
phaùt ra, ôû ngoaøi
treân
döôùi, keùm
* displeasure, dishonesty
* injustice, impurity
* untruth, unbelief
* misbehavior, misconception
* co-education, co-author
* compassion, confederation
* bicycle, bilingual
* rearmament, redevelopment
* afternoon, afterthought
* outbreak, outlaw
* overtime, overproduction
* undergrowth, undertone
* Theâm tieáp vó ngöõ (suffix) vaøo sau töø
Suffix Meaning Example
-ar
-or
-er
-dom
(sau danh hoaëc tính töø)
-full
-hood
(sau danh hoaëc tính töø)
-ie
-let
-ling
-ing
-ness
(sau tính töø)
-ship
-th (sau tính töø)
-ty
-ity
ngöôøi laøm
(tình traïng, lónh vöïc)
ñaày
(danh töø tröøu töôïng)
vaät nhoû beù
coâng vieäc
(danh töø tröøu töôïng)
(danh töø tröøu töôïng)
(danh töø tröøu töôïng)
(danh töø tröøu töôïng)
* beggar, liar
* actor, conductor
* leader, writer
* freedom, wisdom, kingdom
* handful, mouthful
* childhood,neighborhood, brotherhood
* birdie
* booklet
* duckling
* walking, reading, writing, dancing
* kindness, usefulness, happiness
* friendship, fellowship
* truth, warmth, width, growth
* cruelty, loyalty
* electricity,, profundity
FORMATION OF NOUNS (Caùch thaønh laäp danh töø)
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANHÁ
10
FORMATION OF COMPOUND NOUNS (Caùch thaønh laäp danh töø keùp)
noun + noun
gerund + noun
adjective + noun
noun + preposition
verb + noun
schoolboy, classroom
dining-car, sitting-room
blackboard, grandfather
looker-on, passer-by
pick-pocket, cut-pocket
* Theâm tieáp ñaàu ngöõ (Prefix) vaøo tröôùc töø
Prefix Meaning Example
a + Verb
un, in, im + Adj.
ñang
khoâng
alive, asleep
unhappy, unlucky, inactive, impolite
* Theâm tieáp vó ngöõ (suffix) vaøo sau töø
Suffix Meaning Example
Verb + ed
Noun + en
Noun + ern
Noun + ful
Noun + ish
Adjective + ish
Noun + less
Noun + like
Noun + ly
Noun + some
Adjective + some
Noun + y
ñöôïc, bò
laøm baèng chaát lieäu
(sau ñoäng töø chæ phöông höôùng)
ñaày ñuû, nhieàu
hôi, coù veû
khoâng
coù veû gioáng nhö
coù veû gioáng nhö
(chæ tính caùch)
(thuôøng ñi vôùi danh töø chæ thôøi tieát)
equipped, pleased
golden, wooden
southern, northern
hopeful, beautiful
babyish, reddish, 
youngish
hopeless, homeless
fairylike, dreamlike
lovely, daily, monthly
quarrelsome
gladsome
rainy, sunny, snowy
FORMATION OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES (Caùch thaønh laäp tính töø keùp)
adj + adj
noun + adj
adj + noun + ed
dark-blue, red-hot
snow-white, blood-red
dark-eyed, bare-footed
FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES (Caùch thaønh laäp tính töø)
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANH CAÁP 3Á Á
11
ADJECTIVE VERB MEANING NOUNS VERB MEANING
able
angry
black
bright
broad
calm
certain
cheap
civil
clean
clear
dark
deep
electric
equal
false
fat
fertile
full
glad
hot
large
less
light
long
loose
low
mad
obedient
pure
quick
rich
sad
safe
sharp
enable
anger
blacken
brighten
broaden
becalm
ascertain
cheapen
civilize
cleanse
clarify
darken
deepen
electrify
equalize
falsify
fatten
fertilize
fill
gladden
heat
enlarge
lessen
lighten
lengthen
loosen
lower
madden
obey
purify
quicken
enrich
sadden
save
sharpen
cho pheùp, taïo khaû naêng
laøm töùc giaän
boâi ñen
laøm raïng rôõ, laøm saùng
môû roäng
laøm laëng
xaùc ñònh
laøm cho reû hôn
laøm cho vaên minh
thanh loïc, taåy saïch
laøm roõ
laøm saãm laïi
laøm cho saâu
truyeàn ñieän
san baèng (tæ soá)
laøm giaû
laøm cho beùo
laøm cho maøu môõ
laáp ñaày
laøm cho vui söôùng
laøm noùng
phoùng to
laøm giaûm
laøm saùng
keùo daøi
nôùi loûng, thuøng thình
haï thaáp
laøm (ai) phaùt ñieân
vaâng lôøi
laøm trong saïch
laøm taêng tröôûng
laøm giaøu
laøm buoàn
ñeå daønh
laøm beùn, saéc
actor
addition
beauty
belief
blood
circle
circulation
class
colony
company
competition
composition
courage
creator
custom
deed
description
dictation
dirt
division
drama
education
endurance
food
friend
glory
grief
growth
horror
illustration
imitation
justice
knee
knowledge
life
act
add
beautify
believe
bleed
encircle
circulate
classify
colonize
accompany
compete
compose
encourage
create
accustom
do
describe
dictate
dirty
divide
dramatize
educate
endure
feed
befriend
glorify
grieve
grow
horrify
illustrate
imitate
justify
kneel
know
live
haønh ñoäng
coäng, theâm vaøo
laøm ñeïp
tin töôûng
chaûy maùu
bao vaây
löu thoâng
phaân loaïi
thöïc daân hoùa
hôïp vôùi, ñi cuøng
tranh ñua, caïnh tranh
saùng taùc
khuyeán khích
taïo ra, saùng taïo
laøm cho quen
laøm
moâ taû
aùm taû, ñoïc ñeå ghi cheùp
laøm baån
chia
ñoùng kòch
giaùo duïc
chòu ñöïng
cho aên
giuùp ñôõ
laøm veû vang
ñau buoàn
taêng tröôûng, phaùt trieån
laøm kinh hoaøng
minh hoïa
baét chöôùc
phaåm ñònh, minh chöùng
quyø goái
bieát
soáng
VERBS FORMED FROM ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS
(Caùc ñoäng töø ñöôïc thaønh laäp töø tính töø vaø danh töø)
Hoïc nhanhï TIEÁNG ANH CAÁP 3Á Á
12
ADJECTIVE VERB MEANING NOUNS VERB MEANING
short
simple
smooth
soft
solemn
solid
strong
sweet
tight
vacant
visual
wide
shorten
simplify
smoothen
soften
solemnize
solidify
strengthen
sweeten
tighten
vacate
visualize
widen
ruùt ngaén
ñôn giaûn hoaù
laøm phaúng
laøm dòu
trònh troïng hoaù
cuûng coá
taêng cöôøng
laøm ngoït
thaét chaët
laøm troáng
hình dung
môû roäng
liquid
moisture
nation
pleasure
product
proof
relief
solution
success
sympathy
terror
thought
liquefy
moisturize
nationalize
please
produce
prove
relieve
solve
succeed
sympathize
terrify
think
laøm loûng
laøm aåm
quoác höõu hoùa
laøm haøi loøng
saûn xuaát
chöùng minh
laøm nheï
giaûi quyeát