Ngữ pháp môn Tiếng Anh - Chuyên đề từ loại

cô 
hướng dẫn. 
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LÝ THUYẾT 
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh thường được đặt ở những vị trí sau 
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (thường đứng đầu câu,sau trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian) 
Ex: Maths is the subject I like best. 
 N 
 Yesterday Lan went home at midnight. 
 N 
2. Sau tính từ: my, your, our, their, his, her, its, good, beautiful.... 
Ex: She is a good teacher. 
 Adj N 
 His father works in hospital. 
 Adj N 
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ 
Ex: I like English. 
 We are students. 
4. Sau “enough” 
Ex: He didn’t have enough money to buy that car. 
5. Sau các mạo từ a, an, the hoặc các từ this, that, these, those, each, every, both, no, 
some, any, few, a few, little, a little,.....(Lưu ý cấu trúc a/an/the + adj + noun) 
Ex: This book is an interesting book. 
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, about, at...... 
Ex: Thanh is good at literature. 
II. Tính từ (adjectives): Tính từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau 
1. Trước danh từ: Adj + N 
Ex: My Tam is a famous singer. 
2. Sau động từ liên kết: tobe/seem/appear/feel/taste/look/keep/get + adj 
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Ex: She is beautiful 
 Tom seems tired now. 
Chú ý: cấu trúc keep/make + O + adj 
Ex: He makes me happy 
 O adj 
3. Sau “ too”: S + tobe/seem/look....+ too +adj... 
Ex: He is too short to play basketball. 
4. Trước “enough”: S + tobe + adj + enough... 
Ex: She is tall enough to play volleyball. 
5. Trong cấu trúc so...that: tobe/seem/look/feel.....+ so + adj + that 
Ex: The weather was so bad that we decided to stay at home 
6. Tính từ còn được dùng dưới các dạng so sánh( lưu ý tính từ dài hay đứng sau more, 
the most, less, as....as) 
Ex: Meat is more expensive than fish. 
 Huyen is the most intelligent student in my class. 
7. Tính từ trong câu cảm thán: How +adj + S + V 
 What + (a/an) + adj + N 
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường đứng ở các vị trí sau 
1. Trước động từ thường(nhất là các trạng từ chỉ tàn suất: often, always, usually, 
seldom....) 
Ex: They often get up at 6am. 
2. Giữa trợ động từ và động từ thường 
Ex: I have recently finished my homework. 
 TĐT adv V 
3. Sau đông từ tobe/seem/look...và trước tính từ: tobe/feel/look... + adv + adj 
Ex: She is very nice. 
 Adv adj 
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4. Sau “too”: V(thường) + too + adv 
Ex: The teacher speaks too quickly. 
5. Trước “enough” : V(thường) + adv + enough 
Ex: The teacher speaks slowly enough for us to understand. 
6. Trong cấu trúc so....that: V(thường) + so + adv + that 
Ex: Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident. 
7. Đứng cuối câu 
Ex: The doctor told me to breathe in slowly. 
8. Trạng từ cũng thường đứng một mình ở đầu câu,hoặc giữa câu và cách các thành 
phần khác của câu bằng dấu phẩy(,) 
Ex: Last summer I came back my home country 
 My parents had gone to bed when I got home. 
 It’s raining hard. Tom, however, goes to school. 
IV. Động từ (verbs): Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ 
ngữ (Nhớ cẩn thận với câu có nhiều mệnh đề). 
Ex: My family has five people. 
 S V 
 I believe her because she always tells the truth. 
 S V S V 
Chú ý: Khi dùng động từ nhớ lưu ý thì của nó để chia cho đúng. 
CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI 
I. Danh từ (nouns): danh từ thường kết thúc bằng: -tion/-ation, -ment, -er, -or, -ant, -
ing, -age, -ship, -ism, -ity, -ness 
Ex: distribution, information, development, teacher, actor, accountant, teaching, studying, 
teenage, friendship, relationship, shoolarship, socialism, ability, sadness, happiness........... 
II. Tính từ (adjective): Tính từ thường kết thúc bằng: -ful, -less, -ly, -al, -ble, -ive, -ous, -
ish, -y, -like, -ic, -ed, -ing 
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Ex: helful, beautiful, useful, homeless, childless, friendly, yearly, daily, national, 
international, acceptable, impossible, active, passive, attractive, famous, serious, dangerous, 
childish, selfish, foolish, rainy, cloudy, snowy, sandy, foggy, healthy, sympathy, childlike, 
specific, scientific, interested, bored, tired, interesting, boring 
III. Trạng từ (adverbs): Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm đuôi “ly” vào 
tính từ 
Ex: beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly 
Bài tập: 
Bài 1 
1. John cannot make a _______ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a 
house and a car. 
a. decide b. decision c. decisive d. Decisively 
2. She often drives very ________ so she rarely causes accident . 
a. carefully b. careful c. caring d. Careless 
3. All Sue’s friends and __________ came to her party . 
a. relations b. Relatives c. relationship d. Related 
4. My father studies about life and structure of plants and animals. He is a . 
a. biology b. biologist c. biological d. biologically 
5. She takes the .. for running the household. 
a. responsibilityb. responsible c. responsibly d. responsiveness. 
6. We are a very close-nit family and very .. of one another. 
a. supporting b. supportive c. support d. supporter 
7. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done. 
a. responsible b. responsibility 
 c. responsibly d. irresponsible 
8. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school. 
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically 
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9. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in __. 
a. agree b. agreeable c. agreement d. Agreeably 
10. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel. 
a. confide b. confident c. confidently d. Confidence 
11. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week. 
a. marry b. married c. marriageable d. marriage 
12. London is home to people of many _______ cultures. 
a. diverse b. diversity c. diversify d. diversification 
13. Some people are concerned with physical ______ when choosing a wife or husband. 
a. attractive b. attraction c.attractiveness d.attractively 
14. Mrs. Pike was so angry that she made a _______ gesture at the driver. 
a. rude b. rudeness c. rudely d. rudest 
15. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation. 
a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness 
16. He is unhappy because of his --------------. 
 a. deaf b. deafen c. deafness d. Deafened 
17. His country has -------------- climate. 
a. continent b. continental c. continence d. Continentally 
18. She has a -------------- for pink. 
a. prefer b. preferential c. preferentially d. Preference 
19. Computers are -------------- used in schools and universities. 
 a. widely b. wide c. widen d. Width 
20. I sometimes do not feel -------------- when I am at a party. 
 a. comfort b. comfortable c. comforted d. Comfortably 
21. English is the language of --------------. 
 a. communicative b. communication 
 c. communicate d. communicatively 
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22. I have to do this job because I have no --------------. 
 a. choose b. choice c. choosing d. Chosen 
23. English is used by pilots to ask for landing -------------- in Cairo. 
 a. instruct b. instructors c. instructions d. Instructive 
24. He did some odd jobs at home --------------. 
 a. disappointment b. disappoint c. disappointed d. Disappointedly 
25. Don’t be afraid. This snake is --------------. 
 a. harm b. harmful c. harmless d. Unharmed 
26. During his --------------, his family lived in the United State. 
 a. child b. childhood c. childish d. Childlike 
27. Jack London wrote several -------------- novels on adventure. 
 a. interest b. interestedly c. interesting d. interested 
28. He failed the final exam because he didn’t make any -------------- for it. 
 a. prepare b. preparation c. preparing d. Prepared 
29. The custom was said to be a matter of --------------. 
 a. convenient b. conveniencec. conveniently d. Convene 
30. As she is so -------------- with her present job, she has decided to leave. 
 a. satisfy b. satisfied c. satisfying d. unsatisfied 
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Đâp án 
1. b 
2. a 
3. b 
4. b 
5. a 
6. b 
7. b 
8. a 
9. c 
10. b 
11. d 
12. a 
13. c 
14. a 
15. a 
16. b 
17. d 
18. d 
19. a 
20. b 
21. b 
22. b 
23. c 
24. d 
25. c 
26. b 
27. c 
28. b 
29. b 
30. b 
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Bài 2 
Viết lại dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc 
1- We like their ___________________ (friendly). 
2- The ________________ between Vietnam and Cuba is good. (friend) 
3- They seem to be ________________. We dislike them. (friend) 
4- There will be a ___________________ in this street. (meet) 
5- We saw ___________________ girls there. (beauty) 
6- The garden is ________________ with trees and flowers. (beauty) 
7- They enjoy the ___________________ atmosphere here. (peace) 
8- The ___________________ unit of currency is the Ringit. (Malaysia) 
9- In ___________________, there are other religions. (add) 
10- The ___________________ anthem of Viet Nam is sung. (nation) 
11- There is an __________ match between Vietnam and Lebanon on VTV3. (nation) 
12- The language of ___________________ is Bahasa Malaysia. (instruct) 
13- Ao Dai is the ___________________ dress of Vietnamese women. (tradition) 
14- ___________________, Ao Dai is worn by women. (tradition) 
15- To Huu is a famous____________ (poetry). His ______________ are interesting. 
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Đáp án: 
1/ friendliness 
2/ friendship 
3/ unfriendly 
4/ meeting 
5/ beautiful 
6/ beautified 
7/ peaceful 
8/ Malaysian 
9/ addition 
10/ national 
11/ national 
12/ instruction 
13/ traditional 
14/ Traditionally 
15/ poet - poems