Lý thuyết về các dạng câu so sánh

Lý thuyết về các dạng câu so sánh
Tính từ/trạng từ dài và ngắn
Trong các dạng so sánh ta còn có khái niệm tính từ/trạng từ dài và ngắn. Tùy thuộc vào loại tính từ/trạng từ mà ta có sự biến đổi cho phù hợp với các thể so sánh
- Tính từ ngắn (short adjectives) gồm:
+ Tính từ một vần (syllable). Ví dụ: long , short, big, hot, fat ..
+ Tính từ hai vần nhưng tận cùng bằng phụ âm + Y. Ví dụ: happy, lazy, busy, .......
- Tính từ dài (long adjectives) gồm
+ Những tính từ hai vần còn lại. Ví dụ: bored, careless,
+ Các tính từ từ ba vần trở lên. Ví dụ: beautiful, complicated,
- Trạng từ ngắn: là những trạng từ một vần. Ví dụ: hard, late, soon,
Lưu ý: Từ early tuy có hai vần nhưng vẫn xếp vào loại trạng từ ngắn.
- Trạng từ dài: là những trạng từ hai vần trở lên, ngoại trừ early và badly
Ví dụ: carefully, quiet, 
Các dạng so sánh
So sánh bằng
So sánh không ngang bằng
 Q S1 + be/ V + as  + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux
        E.g: He is as old as my father.
               He drives as carefully as I (do).
 Q S1 + negative V + as/so  + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux
        E.g: He is not as/so old as my father.
               He doesn’t drive as/so carefully as I (do).
So sánh hơn
 Q S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + S2 + aux
        E.g: You arethinner than he (is).
               He runs faster than I (do).
 QS1 + V + more  + adj/ adv (long) + than + S2 + aux
        E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am).
               He drives more carefully than I (do).
So sánh nhất
 Q S + be/V + the + adj/ adv (short) + est
         E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class.
                 Cheetah runs (the) fastest in the world.
 Q S + be/ V + the most + adj/ adv(long)
         E.g: He is the most intelligent student in my class.
                 Of the students in my class, Nam speaks English (the) most fluently.
So sánh kép
 Q The adj/ adv (comparative) + S + V, the +  adj/ adv (comparative)  + S + V (càng càng)
E.g:The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes.
       The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes.
  Q More and more + adj/ adv (long)
      Adj/ adv (short) + er and adj (short) + er: càng ngày càng ...
E.g:Life in the city ismore and more stressful.
       They workharder and harder.
So sánh kém
 Q S1 + be/ V + less + adj/ adv + than + S2
 Q S + be/ V + the least adj/ adv
  E.g: This film is less interesting than the one I saw yesterday.
         He works least effectively in our group.
So sánh với danh từ
 Q S1 + V +               as         many/ much + N as S2 + aux
         S1 +negative V   as/ so   few/ little + N as S2 + aux
  E.g He earns as much money as I do.
         I don’t have as/ so many friends as he does.
 Q S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than S2 + aux
 E.g He has collected more stamps than I have.
        I have collected fewer stamps than he has.
 Q S + V + most/ fewest/ least + N
 E.g I have least free time in my family.
Lưu ý:
- Ta thường sử dụng so sánh bằng khi muốn nhấn mạnh điều này gấp điều kia bao nhiêu lần
Ví dụ:
Her husband is twicce as old as she (is) (Chồng cô ta già gấp đôi cô)
- Một số từ nhấn mạnh thường đứng trước tính từ/trạng từ so sánh: much, a lot, far, slightly, a bit, no, any, ...
>> Her husband is much/ far/ a lot/...  older than her.
Tính từ/trạng từ đặc biệt
Số
So sánh bằng
So sánh hơn
So sánh nhất
Nghĩa
1.
bad/badly/ ill
worse
worst
Tồi, dở/ ốm yếu
2.
good/ well
better
best
Tốt, giỏi
3.
much
more
most
Nhiều
4.
little
less
least
Ít
5.
far
farther/ further
farthest/ furthest
Xa (distance) / Rộng (range)
6.
old
older/ elder
oldest/ eldest
Già, cũ (for all)/ (brother/ sister)
Bài tập về câu so sánh
I. Chia từ trong ngoặc
1. Can't you think of anything _____ ________(intelligent) to say?
2. Well, the place looks _____________(clean) now.
3. Janet looks ______thinner______(thin) than she did.
4. You need to draw it _______more careful_______(carefully) .
5. The weather is getting ___________ (bad).
6. The programme will be shown at a __________ (late) date.
7. I can't stay ________________(long) than half an hour.
8. A mobile phone would be a_______________ (useful) present.
9. I'll try to finish the job ________________ (soon).
10. It was_______________ (busy) than usual in town today.
11. I'll be even_____________ (annoyed) if you do that again.
12. Since the break-in I feel ____________ (nervous).
13. Lan sings .. ( sweet ) than Hoa
14. Mai is  ( tall ) of the four girls
15. Your accent is .. ( bad ) mine
16. There was a storm yesterday. Today, the weather’s  ( beautiful )
17. He runs . ( fast ) of all
18. Which one of the three books do you think is  ( interesting ) ?
19. Which hotel is . ( far ) from the airport, The Renaissance or The Camellia
II. Viết dạng so sánh nhất của những từ trong ngoặc.
1. That was the __________ (funny) film I've ever seen.
2. It was the ______________(horrible) feeling I've ever had.
3. Have you read her ______________(recent) book?
4. It's the _______________(large) company in the country.
5. It was the _______________(boring) speech I've ever heard.
6. You've got the _______________(far) to travel.
7. That's the _____________(helpful) idea so far.
8. The factory uses the ________________ (modern) production methods.
9. This is the __________________(early) I've ever got up.
10. It was the ________________(sad) day of my life.
 Đáp án
I. Chia từ trong ngoặc
1. Can't you think of anything _____more intelligent ________(intelligent) to say?
2. Well, the place looks _____cleaner________(clean) now.
3. Janet looks ______thinner______(thin) than she did.
4. You need to draw it _______more carefully_______(carefully) .
5. The weather is getting ___worse________ (bad).
6. The programme will be shown at a ____later______ (late) date.
7. I can't stay _____longer___________(long) than half an hour.
8. A mobile phone would be a_____more useful__________ (useful) present.
9. I'll try to finish the job ________sooner________ (soon).
10. It was______busier_________ (busy) than usual in town today.
11. I'll be even______more annoyed_______ (annoyed) if you do that again.
12. Since the break-in I feel ____more nervous________ (nervous).
13. Lan sings more sweetly than Hoa
14. Mai is the tallest of the four girls
15. Your accent is worse than mine
16. There was a storm yesterday. Today, the weather’s more beautiful
17. He runs the fastest of all (có thể bỏ THE)
18. Which one of the three books do you think is the most interesting ?
19. Which hotel is further from the airport, The Renaissance or The Camellia?
II. Viết dạng so sánh nhất của những từ trong ngoặc.
1. That was the _____most funny_____ (funny) film I've ever seen.
2. It was the _______most horrible_______(horrible) feeling I've ever had.
3. Have you read her _____most recent_________(recent) book?
4. It's the ______largest_________(large) company in the country.
5. It was the ______most boring_________(boring) speech I've ever heard.
6. You've got the _____furthest__________(far) to travel.
7. That's the _____most helpful________(helpful) idea so far.
8. The factory uses the ______most modern__________ (modern) production methods.
9. This is the _________earliest_________(early) I've ever got up.
10. It was the ______saddest__________(sad) d
 1. Viết dạng so sánh hơn của những từ trong ngoặc.
They've made these chocolate bars smaller (small) . 
Sport is more interesting (interesting) than politics. 
1. Can't you think of anything _____________(intelligent) to say? 
2. Well, the place looks _____________(clean) now. 
3. Janet looks ____________(thin) than she did. 
4. You need to draw it ______________(carefully) . 
5. The weather is getting ___________ (bad). 
6. The programme will be shown at a __________ (late) date. 
7. I can't stay ________________(long) than half an hour. 
8. A mobile phone would be a_______________ (useful) present. 
9. I'll try to finish the job ________________ (soon). 
10. It was_______________ (busy) than usual in town today. 
11. I'll be even_____________ (annoyed) if you do that again.
12. Since the break-in I feel ____________ (nervous).
2. Viết dạng so sánh nhất của những từ trong ngoặc.
It's the shortest (short) day of the year. 
It's the most beautiful (beautiful) building in the world. 
1. That was the __________ (funny) film I've ever seen. 
2. It was the ______________(horrible) feeling I've ever had. 
3. Have you read her ______________(recent) book? 
4. It's the _______________(large) company in the country. 
5. It was the _______________(boring) speech I've ever heard. 
6. You've got the _______________(far) to travel. 
7. That's the _____________(helpful) idea so far. 
8. The factory uses the ________________ (modern) production methods. 
9. This is the __________________(early) I've ever got up. 
10. It was the ________________(sad) day of my life.