Giáo án Bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Anh văn 9

Perfect. Compare the following examples:
Example:
When Jane saw the elephants, she was amazed. (at the same time)
When Jane had seen the elephants, she wanted to see the giraffes. (second action happened after the first action had been completed)
When Jane went to see the elephants, she had already seen the lions. (second action had been completed when the first action took place)
Before
"Before" as well can either be used with Simple Past or Past Perfect. If the action after "before" is a new action, use Simple Past. If the action after "before" started (and was not completed) before a certain time in the past, use Past Perfect. Compare the following examples:
Example:
Jane had read a lot about elephants before she went to the zoo.
Jane went to the zoo before she had finished reading her new book about elephants.
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
English does not have a verb form specifically used to express future tense. We have to choose from a variety of forms (using 'will'/'shall', 'going to', the present continuous, the present simple, etc.) to talk about future events. The future expressed with the modal auxiliaries will and shall + the base form of the verb is known as the future simple tense or 'will' future. Keep in mind, however, that 'will' doesn't always serve to indicate the future. We can use 'will' to talk about events happening at the present. (For example: This car won't start.)
 Structure
 Examples
 We use the Future Simple Tense:
 The future simple tense is composed of two parts: will/shall + base verb. Will and shall are often contracted to 'll.  Affirmative formI          +   shall / will  +  workweyouhe/she/it       +  will  +  workthey1. I shall/will write her tomorrow.2. We shall/will go shopping together during the holidays. Note: 'Will' is used with all persons. 'Shall' can be used instead of 'will' with I/we. In modern English, particularly in American English, 'shall' with a future reference is rarely used. Negative formI             SHALL + NOTwe              /SHAN'T/ +                     WORKIyou              WILL + NOThe/she/it           /WON'T/we                  + WORKtheyI won't answer that question.They won't accept this offer. Interrogative formTo form interrogative sentences we use will with all persons:WILL        I       WORK?                we               youWILL    he/she/it    WORK?               theyWill you open the window, please?Will you do it for me? Note: We use shall to make offers, ask for advices or suggestions, etc. (mainly in British English)1. Shall I close the door?2. Shall we go to picnic tomorrow?3. Shall I study English? 'Shall' is also used as an imperative in formal or legal written statements:1. The Chairman shall be present at the Company's general meetings.2. The accused shall be present during the trial.
1. I will finish my report later today.2. The sun will rise at 6:03 am.3. I'll go to the market tomorrow.4. There will be another conference next month.5. I'll come to see you on Sunday.6. We'll be back on Friday afternoon.7. Tom will visit his parents next week.8. They will paint the fence blue.9. I will return in two hours.10. He will finish his homework in twenty minutes.11. Jane will turn 18 this year.12. The wedding will take place on May 8th. The ceremony will begin at 4pm, followed by a meal and a big party. Note: In certain situations we use 'will' to emphasize:13. You will drink your milk!14. I will find a job.
 to say that something will happen in the future. Adverbs of time that will indicate such tense may include, tomorrow, today, later today, in five minutes, in two hours, on Monday, on Saturday afternoon, next week/month, this year, etc.! Note that when we talk about prior plans, strong intentions or fixed arrangements we do not normally use 'will':I am going to meet him this afternoon. ('to be' + 'going to' + main form of the verb)I'm going to buy a new car this year. ('to be' + 'going to' + main form of the verb)I am going to a party tommorrow night. (the present continuous)Tina is getting married next month. (the present continuous)! Note: 'Will' is used instead of 'going to' when a formal style is required, particularly in the written language (See 12)
1. I'll close the window.2. I'll have a cup of tea, please.3. - The phone is ringing.     - I'll answer it.4. - Oops, I dropped my pencil.    - I'll pick it up.
 to express spontaneous decision /to volunteer to do something (the action is decided at the moment of speaking)
1. I think it will rain.2. The weather tomorrow will be sunny and warm.3. I think David Brown will be the next mayor of our city.4. Everything will be fine.5. You are going to be a famous artist some day.6. I think you are going to marry a wrong person.
 to predict future events (for example, to say what we think or believe will happen), we use both 'will' and 'going to'! But note that we use 'going to' (not 'will') to make predictions about events when there is a concrete evidence:Look at those dark clouds in the sky. It is going to rain soon.
1. I'll be there at 7 p.m., I promise.2. I'll tell your parents what you did.
 to make promises or threats
1. Will you please help me to do my homework?2. That suitcase is too heavy. I’ll help you.
 to request help or to offer help
1. I'll probably get there by my car.2. You must read this book. I'm sure you'll like it.3. I expect Tom will pass his exam.
 with words and expressions such as: probably, possibly, perhaps, (I'm) sure, (I) expect
1. If it begins to rain, I'll certainly nead an umbrella.2. She will tell him when he calls.
 to talk about consequences (with if, when, provided, unless, as, as soon as, as long as, etc.)
1. I'll be in Athens tomorrow.2. I'll be at a conference next week.
 when the main verb is be even if we talk about planned events
 More examples:1. Will you go shopping?2. I will not permit that kind of behaviour.3. Will our theacher come with us?    Yes, he will.      No, he won't.4. Our teacher won't come with us.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
   1. How to make the Future Continuous Tense?  The Future Continuous is made with the future form of the verb "to be" (I will be, you will be, he/she/it will be, we will be, you will be, they will be) + the '-ing' form of the main verb. The '-ing' form of the verb is called the Present Participle.
2. Contracted forms:                    I will = I'll                   he/she/it will = he'll/she'll/it'll                                 you will = you'll                    I will not  = I won't     he/she/it will not = he won't/she won't/it won't       you will not  = you won't    we will = we'll                          they will   = they'll                                 we will not  = we won't             they will not = they won't                      
Examples: 
 1. I'll be watching TV.                                           3. They'll be having a lunch.
2. She won't be swimming at the pool.                  4. Will you be waiting for me?
3. Using the Future Continuous Tense.The most common use of the Future Continuous Tense is to describe an activity that will occur in the future and continue for a certain period of time. We can specify the time when the activity is going to take place:Examples:  
 Tom will be attending the conference next month.
 They'll be shopping at the mall all afternoon.
 I'll be working late at the office tonight.
We'll be flying over the Atlantic Ocean for three hours.
 Tonight at 11 p.m, we will be dancing at the party.  - The Future Continuous is also used when we talk about an activity that will continue over a period of time from now into the future (expresses an activity in progress that started at the present moment or at some time around the present moment):Examples:  
1. They'll be studying until 5 o'clock.
2. She'll be playing tennis until she gets tired.
3. Susan will be waiting for the bus 10 more minutes.   - We can use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future (in this case the shorter action in the future is expressed with Present Simple):Examples:  1. I'll be making dinner when he arrives tonight.
2. She'll be playing the piano when her parents come home.-  We can also use the Future Continuous to project ourselves into the future and see something happening:Examples:  1. You'll recognize me when you get there. I'll be wearing jeans and a white
t-shirt. I'll be sitting at a table at the corner and reading a newspaper.
2. This time tomorrow I'll be having dinner at one of the New York's finest
restaurants. - The Future Continuous is used to talk about what we believe or guess is happening at the moment of speaking (1) and (2) or will be happening at a particular time in the future (3):Examples:  1. Don't call him now, he'll be doing his homework.
2. I don't want to disturb them. Im sure they'll be cleaning their house at the moment.
3. Please, don't come at 9 o'clock. she'll be sleeping at that time.  - We can also use the Future Continuous to talk about things that we expect to happen in the usual course of events (the event is certain and will happen naturally):Examples:  1. I will be seeing Ann tomorrow at the office. (we work together)
2. We will be meeting Mike at the festival this weekend.   -The Future Continuous is also used for predictions or expected trends in the future:Example:  By 2030, most people in Africa will be living in urban areas.
 -  Sometimes we can use the Future Continuous to make polite enquiries, when we wish to know what somebody's plans are:Examples:  1. Will you be coming with me to the concert tonight?
2. Will you be going to the next meeting in December?
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