English slang
Slang is a modern kind of language which is, in the most cases, made and used by the young generations. During the past years every generation had its own slang. That was their language, their own mark. People use it in order not to be different from their society. That characteristic, being a part of the environment, is in human nature and it is quite hard to resist it. Slang easily becomes a part of your life and you just become a person who can not even remember when the changing of vocabulary started.
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TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Tile English slang Reasonable Development 1, Definion of Lexicology 2, Definition of Slang 3, Variety of slang 4, Some slang words and its definition and samples Inconclusion References INTRODUCTION Tile English slang Reasonable Slang is a modern kind of language which is, in the most cases, made and used by the young generations. During the past years every generation had its own slang. That was their language, their own mark. People use it in order not to be different from their society. That characteristic, being a part of the environment, is in human nature and it is quite hard to resist it. Slang easily becomes a part of your life and you just become a person who can not even remember when the changing of vocabulary started. I’m a students of faculty of English, so I’m very keen on exploring English. And I think that slang is a fascinating field in lexicology. I want to know much more about slang words so I can use it when talking with my foreign friends. DEVELOPMENT 1, Definion of Lexicology Lexicology ( 'lexis' = word+ 'logo' = learning) is a science/study which deals with words, morphemes and word groups. It's a science which studies and describes systematically the vocabulary of given language.that part of linguistics which studies words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words (semantical relations), words groups and the whole lexicon. Lexicology contain linguistic and phonology Linguistic include phonology, gammar and lexis. Phonology (phonetics) : the study of a language and their relationship to one another. 2, Definition of Slang Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's dialect or language. Slang is often to be found in areas of the lexicon that refer to things considered taboo. It is also used to identify with one's peers. slang can be described as informal, nonstandard words or phrases (lexical innovations) which tend to originate in subcultures within a society. Slang often suggests that the person utilizing the words or phrases is familiar with the hearer's group or subgroup--it can be considered a distinguishing factor of in-group identity 3,Varieties of slang Rhyming slang Rhyming slang, chiefly associated with Cockney#Cockney speech spoken in the East End of London, replaces a word with a phrase which rhymes with the word, for example, plates of meat for "feet", or twist and twirl for "girl". Often only the first word is used, so plates and twist by themselves become the colloquialisms for "feet" and "girl". Back slang Back slang is simply the practice of using words spelled in reverse, e.g. yob for "boy" or ecilop for "police". Polari Polari is a variety of slang used by gay men and lesbians in Britain and the United Kingdom, which has a history going back at least a hundred years. 4, Some slang words and its definition and samples buck (dollar) Original Definition: originally "bucca" = a male goat; or, "buc" = a male deer Slang Definition: a dollar bill (North American slang). Origin of "buck" as a meaning for a dollar bill: It comes from "buckskin", which was a common unit of trade in the "Old West" of North America. While a buckskin may not have been the same value as a dollar bill, the common ground was that both were basic units of trade. bum Definition: a person that does not work, (chiefly US Slang) buttocks, (chiefly UK slang) cool Original Definition: not too warm, not too cold Slang Definition: good Sample sentences: (1) That's cool! I really like that picture!; (2) That's a cool car! crap Origin: From Dutch meaning: that which is torn off and discarded Slang Definition1: miscellaneous junk; unwanted stuff Slang Definition2: feces; dung Slang Definition3: worthless talk; nonsense die for... Definition: to desire (sth) so much that one would almost be willing to die for it. Sample sentences: I'd die for tickets to a Bulls game. I'm dying to see Michael Jordan in person. dumb Original meaning: mute Slang meaning: ignorant, foolish Possible origin: animals are dumb (because they cannot speak), and they are not thought to be very intelligent. fag Original meaning: cigarette (still used this way in the UK) American Slang: a male homosexual (politically incorrect; i.e. NOT a NICE WORD!) fag hag Definition: a woman that hangs around with fags (male homosexuals) (NOT NICE) fluke Origins: unknown Definition: an accidental stroke of luck or good fortune Sample sentence: His winning the tournament was a fluke. go Definition: short for "go to the potty (toilet)" Sample sentences: (1) I have to go. (2) Do you have to go (1) or (2)? go (1) & go (2) Definitions: (1) = urine, pee pee; (2) = feces, manure, poo poo, stools, etc. Sample sentences: Do you have to go (1)? No, I have to go (2). See "pee pee" and "poo poo" below. gusto Origin: from Spanish/Latin meaning "taste" Slang Definition: great enthusiasm & vigorous enjoyment (see also zest) hag Original meaning: witch Slang meaning: usually old, but definitely ugly woman has-been Definition: a person who has been popular; an ex-celebrity Sample sentence: This is where all the has-beens hang out. haves & have-nots Definitions haves = people who have a lot of money/assets have-nots = people who don't have much money/assets hokey (adj.) Origin: from the word hokum (a combination of hocus pocus + bunkum); hocus pocus is used in incantations in magic tricks; bunkum is nonsensical talk. [source] Slang Definition: untrue hot1 Definition: very sexy; very attractive in a sensual way Sample sentences: (1) She's hot!; (2) There's a steamy, hot scene in the movie. hot2 Definition: really popular Sample sentences: (1) That is a hot item on the market. (2) That music group is hot. (3) That's a hot song. hot3 Definition: stolen Sample sentences: (1) Why is that TV so cheap? It is hot? Is that why you are selling it so cheaply? [At a Pawn Shop] "I don't accept any 'hot' goods." "Jane Doe" Definition: a woman with no name. It is usually used for a female corpse with no identification. jerk Definition: A "jerk" is a bad person, i.e. a person who has treated another individual badly. Origin: There must be a connection between the real meaning of jerk and the slang meaning of jerk. I think if someone jerks another person (physically) it would hurt (a little), and if someone jerks another person (emotionally) it would hurt (a lot). That's why we call such a person a "jerk." [I'm guessing this is a kind of metonymy.] And/or it comes from the idiom: to jerk sb around, which means: to treat somebody badly. jock Original Definition: jockey (a person who rides a horse in a horse race) Slang Definition: any athlete john Definition: toilet bowl; toilet; WC; restroom; lavatory Sample sentences: (1) I have to go to the john. I'll back right back. (2) Who's in the john? I have to go! Origin: The man who invented the commode (the flush toilet bowl) was named John Craps. Possible this slang word comes from the man's given name. "John" Definition: a prostitute's customer. "John Doe" Definition: a man with no name. It is usually used for a male corpse with no identification. long johns Definition: long, thermal underwear. Sample sentence: It's cold out. Be sure to put your long johns on. pee pee & poo poo Definitions: pee pee = toddler slang for urine; poo poo = toddler slang for p.h.a.t. Pronunciation: /fæt/ Acronym for: Pretty Hot And Tempting (source) Origin: Intercity slang, mostly amongst gangs/gangsters (trying to be "cool"), going out of style these days pumpkin Definition: a metaphorical term of endearment to a cute little kid (toddler) scum Original Definition: the yucky film on the top of a liquid, such as on top of bath water after taking a bath. Slang definition: the lowest level of human, e.g. criminals Shit Shit may just be the most powerful word in the English language, BUT BEWARE THAT "SHIT" IS NOT A NICE WORD. IT IS VULGAR. WARNING: THE WORD "SHIT" SHOULD NOT BE USED IN MIXED COMPANY. "Mixed Company" means a group of people containing both genders (both sexes). As you read the following passage, which I've entitled: "Shitty Reading", came to me in an e-mail message & I do not know the author. Please keep in mind that "shit" has a literal meaning, and several figurative meanings. The literal meaning of shit is solid excrement. The figurative meaning are too many to list. See if you can figure out the figurative meanings, then look at the answers below the article "Shitty Reading": pikey is a pejorative slang term used, mainly in England to refer to travellers, gypsies or people of low social class Billy amphetamines. (From Billy Whizz, a British comic strip character.) friendless (Billy No-Mates) CONCLUSION To sum up, slang is widespread phenomenon in english, but, despite its pervasiveness, it has been marginalized or neglected in linguistics. It exhabit the same word-formation mechannismsas the standard language. In others words, its the result of well-established grammatical rules and out side regular grammar. In slang interally organized in the terms of semantic relation anh lexical fields, it is rather disorganized, complex lexicon made up of vague words and polysemous expression. In to attemp to describe slang. There is a general tendency to streat it as a merely social concept reinfocing cohesiveness within a group ,or as a lever of usage stylistically neutral language. REFERENCES 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, (An Introduction to English Slang By Elisa Mattiello) 7,
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