English for tourism

," or Tunnel Grotto. 
Quang Hanh Grotto is accessible by either boat or car, but the entrance only appears 
when the tide is out. Ba Co Shrine (shrine of three girls) is in the grotto beside a 
smooth stone block. Legend tells that three girls, who were once journeying on the 
sea, came to the grotto to take shelter from the rain. They were so engrossed with the 
beauty of the grotto, that they did not notice the rising tide. They drowned, only to 
become water goddesses. 
Quang Hanh Grotto is extremely beautiful. A small boat will take you through the 
stone passageway by flashlight, casting magical colors on the hanging stalactites. 
English for Tourism page 92 
II. Islands 
Bai Tho Mountain (Poem Mountain) 
Bai Tho Mountain is 106 m high. It runs along the coast, half on land and half in the 
sea. Sailing in the bay, one or two hundred meters from the mountain, one can see a 
poem carved on a flat stone cliff. 
In 1468, Emperor Le Thanh Tong, who was also a poet, made 
an inspection tour of the North-East region. He stopped at the 
foot of the mountain, and inspired by the magnificent beauty 
of his surroundings, he wrote a poem. Later, he had the poem 
engraved on the wall of the mountain. It is very interesting to 
climb the mountain and enjoy the panoramic view of the bay. 
Tuan Chau Islet 
Situated 3 km west of Dao Go Islet, Tuan Chau Islet has an area of 300 ha. On the 
islet, there is a very simple bamboo house built by the inhabitants of Quang Ninh for 
Uncle Ho to rest after visiting Halong Bay. The house is now carefully preserved by 
the locals. 
III. Beaches 
Bai Chay 
Bai Chay is a resort located along the coast of Halong Bay. This is a windward ocean 
resort which has a year round average temperature of 20oC (68oF). 
Bai Chay is a low gently sloping range of hills that runs along the sea for more than 2 
km. Blended in among the pine trees are large hotels and small villas with 
distinguished architectural styles. Traveling down the asphalt road along the coast, 
visitors see long white stretches of sand and green rows of Casuarina trees, tucked 
under which are small family-run restaurants. After swimming at the beach, tourists 
can enjoy cold drinks and cool off in the breeze that sweeps in from the sea. 
English for Tourism page 93 
Hue was once the capital of the country during both the Tay Son and Nguyen 
dynasties. Throughout the centuries, Hue has become a large complex of architectural 
relics and picturesque elegance. UNESCO recognized Hue as a World Heritage site. 
 I. Royal Citadel 
The Royal Citadel is located on the banks of the Perfume River. The construction of 
the square citadel, which was exclusively made from bricks, started in 1805. The wall 
is 6 m high, 20 m thick and surrounded by a moat. 
The citadel has ten gates: Nha Do, Sap, Ngan, Thuong Tu, Dong Ba, Ke Trai, Hau, An 
Hoa, Chanh Tay, and Huu. 
II. Imperial Enclosure 
The Imperial Enclosure is located in the center of the 
citadel. It mainly consists of the Noon Gate, Great Rites 
Courtyard, Thai Hoa Palace, Dai Cung (Great Court) Gate, 
Thuong Uyen (Royal) Garden, Trieu Temple, Thai 
Temple, Hien Lam Pavilion, Hung Temple, and Phung 
Tien Temple. 
III. Forbidden Citadel 
Constructed in 1804, early in the reign of Emperor Gia Long , it was first called Cung 
Thanh, City of Residences, and later renamed Forbidden Purple City by Emperor Minh 
Mang in 1822. It is connected with the Imperial Enclosure by seven gates. 
Some of the architectural constructions found in the Forbidden Purple City include the 
Can Chanh Palace, Ta Huu Vu (Left and Right Houses), Can Thanh Palace, Khon Thai 
Residence, Kien Trung Palace, Royal Library, and Royal Theater. 
English for Tourism page 94 
The ancient town of Hoi An, 30 km south of Danang, lies on the banks of the Thu Bon 
River. Occupied by early western traders, Hoi An was one of the major trading centers 
of Southeast Asia in the 16th century. 
Hoi An has a distinct Chinese atmosphere with low, tile-roofed houses and narrow 
streets; the original structure of some of these streets still remains almost intact. All the 
houses were made of rare wood, decorated with lacquered boards and panels engraved 
with Chinese characters. Pillars were also carved with ornamental designs. 
Tourists can visit the relics of the Sa Huynh and Cham cultures. They can also enjoy 
the beautiful scenery of the romantic Hoi An River, Cua Dai Beach, and Cham Island. 
Over the last few years, Hoi An has become a very popular tourist destination in 
Vietnam. 
English for Tourism page 95 
 My Son, located 69 km southwest of Danang, was an imperial city during the Cham 
dynasty, between the 4th and 12th centuries. My Son Sanctuary is a large complex of 
religious relics that comprises more than 70 architectural works. They include temples 
and towers that connect to each other with complicated red brick designs. The main 
component of the Cham architectural design is the tower, built to reflect the divinity of 
the king. 
According to records on the stone stele, the 
prime foundation of the ancient My Son 
architectural complex was a wooden temple to 
worship the Siva Bhadresvera genie. In the late 
16th century, a big fire destroyed the temple. 
Step by step, historical mysteries were unveiled by scientists. Through stone stele and 
royal dynasties, they proved My Son to be the most important Holy Land of the Cham 
people from the late 4th to the 15th centuries. For many centuries, the Cham built Lip, 
a mutually linked architectural complex, with baked bricks and sandstone. The main 
temple worships the Linga-Yoni, who represents the capability of invention. Beside 
the main tower (Kalan) are several sub-towers worshipping Genies or deceased kings. 
Although time and the wars have destroyed some towers, the remaining sculptural and 
architectural remnants still reflect the style and history of the art of the Cham people. 
Their masterpieces mark a glorious time for the architecture and culture of the Cham, 
as well as of Southeast Asia. 
Each historical period has its own identity, so that each temple worshipping a genie or 
a king of a different dynasty has its own architectural style full of different impression. 
All of the Cham towers were built on a quadrate foundations and each comprises three 
parts: a solid tower base, representing the world of human beings, the mysterious and 
sacred tower body, representing the world of spirits, and the tower top built in the 
shape of a man offering flowers and fruits or of trees, birds, animals, etc., representing 
things that are close to the spirits and human beings. 
According to many researchers of the ancient Cham 
towers, the architectural art of the Cham towers at My Son 
Sanctuary is the convergence of different styles, including 
the continuity of the ancient style in the 7th-8th centuries, 
the Hoa Lai style of the 8th-9th centuries, the Dong Duong 
style from the mid-9th century, the My Son and My Son-
Binh Dinh styles, etc. Among the remnants of many architectural sites excavated in 
1898, a 24 meters high tower was found in the Thap Chua area and coded A I by 
archaeologists and researchers on My Son. This tower is a masterpiece of ancient 
Cham architecture. It has two doors, one in the east and the other in the west. The 
English for Tourism page 96 
English for Tourism page 97 
tower body is high and delicate with a system of paved pillars; six sub-towers 
surround the tower. This two story tower looks like a lotus flower. The top of the 
upper layer is made of sandstone and carved with elephant and I ion designs. In the 
lower layer, the walls are carved with fairies and water evils and men riding elephants. 
Unfortunately, the tower was destroyed by US bombs in 1969. 
After the My Son ancient tower complex was discovered, many of its artifacts, 
especially statues of female dancers and genies worshipped by the Cham people, 
worship animals and artifacts of the daily communal activities, were collected and 
displayed at the Cham Architecture Museum in Danang city. Although there are not 
many remnants left, those that remain display the typical sculptural works of cultural 
value of the Cham nationality. Furthermore, they are vivid proof, confirming the 
history of a nationality living within the Vietnamese community boasting of a rich 
cultural tradition. 
English for Tourism page 98 
ist 
man 
Jones, L. (1998). Welcome: English for the Travel and Tourism Industry. CUP. 
Keane, L. (1997). International Restaurant English. Edinburgh: Longman. 
Kruse, B. & Kruse, B. (1982). English for the Travel Industry. Singapore: McGraw 
Le, H. L., & Pham, V. T. (2001). Spoken English for Hotel Staff. Ho Chi Minh City: 
Le, H.L. & Pham, V. T. (2001). Dam Thoai Tieng Anh trong nganh Dich Vu Khach 
Le, H.L. & Pham, V. T. (2001). Tieng Anh danh cho Nhan Vien Khach San. HCM 
Revell, R., & Stott, T. (1994). Highly Recommended: English for the hotel and 
Stott, T. & Holt, R. (1991). First Class: English for Tourism. Hong Kong: OUP. 
Wood, N. (2003). Tourism and Catering Workshop. Hong Kong: OUP. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Adamson, D. (1992). Be Our Guests: Basic English for Hotel Staff. Prentice House. 
Bardi, J. A. (1996). Hotel Front Office Management. Van Nostrand Reinhold. 
Burney, N. M. (2003). Tourism. HCM City: Tre Publishing House. 
Eastwood, J. (1980). English for Travel. Hong Kong: OUP. 
Harding, K. (1998). Going International: English for Tourism. Hong Kong: OUP. 
Harding, K., & Henderson, P. (1996). High Season: English for the Hotel and Tour
Industry. OUP. 
Jacob, M., & Strutt, P. (1997). English for International Tourism. Spain: Long
Hill. 
Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House. 
San. Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City Publishing House. 
City: Tre Publishing House. 
catering industry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.