Đề thi chọn học sinh giỏi tỉnh Hà Tĩnh cấp THPT năm học 2012 - 2013 môn thi: Tiếng anh 10

. Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each of the questions
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to dehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.
The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Weather variations in the desert	B. Adaptations of desert animals
C. Diseased of desert animals	D. Human use of desert animals.
2. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?
A. It helps them hide from predators.
B. It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.
C. It helps them see their young at night
D. It keeps them cool at night.
3. The word "maintaining" is closest in meaning to ___________. 
A. measuring	B. inheriting	C. preserving	D. delaying
4. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of ___________.
A. an animal with a low average temperature
B. an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
C. a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
D. a desert animal with a constant body temperature
5. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?
A. Just before sunrise	B. In the middle of the day
C. Just after sunset	D. Just after drinking
6. The word "tolerate" is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. endure	B. replace	C. compensate	D. reduce
7. What causes water intoxication?
A. Drinking too much water very quickly	B. Drinking polluted water
C. Bacteria in water	D. Lack of water.
8. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?
A. They do not need to eat much food.	B. They can eat large quantities quickly
C. They easily lose their appetites.	D. They can travel long distances looking for food.
9. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?
A. To show how they use camels.	B. To contrast them to desert mammals.
C. To give instructions about desert survival.	D. To show how they have adapted to desert life.
10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?
A. Variation in body temperatures	B. Eating while dehydrated
C. Drinking water quickly	D. Being active at night.
Your answers:
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10.
PART IX. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
When you read something in a foreign language, you frequently (1)______ across words you do not fully understand. Sometimes you check the meaning in a dictionary and sometimes you (2)______. The strategy you adopt depends very much upon the (3)______ of accuracy you require and the time at your disposal.
If you are the sort of person who tends to turn to the dictionary frequently, it is worth remembering that every dictionary has its (4)______. Each definition is only an approximation and one builds up an accurate picture of the meaning of a word only after meeting it in a (5)______ of contexts. It is also important to recognize the special dangers of dictionaries that translate from English into your native language and vice versa. If you must use a dictionary, it is usually far safer to (6)______ an English-English dictionary.
In most exams you are not permitted to use a dictionary. (7)______ you are allowed to use one, it is very time-consuming to look up words, and time in exams is usually limited. You are, (8)______ , forced to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words.
When you find unknown words in an exam text, it is very easy to panic. However, if you develop efficient techniques for guessing the meaning, you will (9)______ a number of possible problems and help yourself to understand far more of the text than you at first thought likely.
Two strategies which may help you guess the meaning of a word are: using contextual clues, both within the sentence and outside, and making use of clues (10)______ from the formation of the word.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
A. put
A. look
A. extent
A. limitations
A. multiple
A. survey
A. or else
A. so
A. surpass
A. derived
B. drop
B. guess
B. range
B. values
B. variety
B. consult
B. Provided
B. therefore
B. get over
B. extracted
C. see
C. examine
C. degree 
C. advantages
C. variation
C. refer
C. Although
C. completely
C. go over
C. coming
D. come 
D. inspect
D. level
D. entry
D. diversity
D. inquire
D. Even if
D. so that
D. overcome
D. originated
Your answers:
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10.
D. WRITING
PART X. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first one.
1. This will be my student's first performance in Canada. 
→ This will be the first time ...
2. This course will take us six months to complete. 
→ In six months time ..
3. The number of people who understand his ideas exceed his expectations. 
→ More people 
4. She'll have to make her presentation at the end of his speech. 
→ The moment he ..
5. Sharon will finish her exams. Then she will have more free time. 
→ Once 
6. Both Mary and Peter prefer jazz to classical music.
→ Neither
7. They repaired my car at the garage in town.
→ I............................................................................................................................................................
8. This is the last time I will speak to you.
→ I...........................................................................................................................................................
9. I prefer staying in to going out.
→ I'd rather..............................................................................................................................................
10. They passed the driving test because of the easy questions.
→ If 
Your answers:
1. 
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2. 
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3. 
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4. 
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5. 
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6. 
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7. 
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8. 
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10.
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PART XI. ESSAY WRITING
Some people say that cell phones have improved modern life. Others believe that cell phones have caused many problems to people. What is your opinion? In about 250 words, write an essay to assert your point of view on this problem. 
THE END