Chuyên đề Phân loại giới từ và một số giới từ thường dùng

 want the paper for? 
I’ve sent a letter to you. 
¾ Giới từ chỉ thể cách: by, with, … 
We can learn English by listening to the radio. 
She cut the bread with a sharp knife. 
¾ Giới từ chỉ phương tiện: by, in… 
He goes to school by bus. 
She goes to work in her own car. 
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¾ Giới từ chỉ sự tương quan: by, next to, on, under, below… 
They live below us. 
Tom is in front of Mary. 
My house is next to a cinema. 
4. Nghĩa của một số giới từ thường dùng 
¾ About 
– về: This is a story about elephants. 
– khoảng: He is about ten years old. 
¾ Above 
– trên, cao hơn: The plane flew above the clouds. 
– phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram. 
¾ Across 
– từ bên này sang bên kia (qua): We walked across the field. 
– phía bên kia: There is a store across the street. 
¾ After 
– sau, sau khi: after ten o'clock; after lunch 
– đứng sau: Q comes after P in the alphabet. 
– theo sau: The dog ran after the cat. 
¾ Against 
– chống lại, làm trái: Theft is against the law. 
– giáp, tiếp xúc, dựa vào: I leaned my bicycle against the wall. 
¾ Along 
– dọc theo: We walked along the road. 
¾ Among 
– giữa, trong số (một nhóm người): The money was shared among three people. 
¾ Around 
– vòng quanh: We walked around the block. 
– vây quanh, bao quanh: There is a fence around the garden. 
– khắp: I looked around the house for the keys. 
– quay sang một hướng khác: We turned around and went back home. 
– khoảng: He is around six feet tall. 
¾ At 
– một địa điểm cụ thể: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park 
– một điểm thời gian: at 5 o'clock; at Christmas 
– một hoàn cảnh: at peace; at war; at rest 
– một hoạt động: at work; at school; at play 
– hướng tới, hướng vào: Look at someone; wave at someone 
¾ Before 
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– trước khi, trước: before two o'clock; before Christmas 
– đứng trước: S comes before T in the alphabet. 
¾ Behind 
– đằng sau, phía sau: The little girl hid behind her mother. 
– muộn: I am behind in my work. 
– nguyên nhân, nguồn gốc: Who was behind that idea? 
¾ Below 
– bên dưới, thấp hơn: below freezing; below sea level 
– phía dưới: Footnotes are provided below the text. 
¾ Beside 
– bên cạnh: I sit beside her in class. 
¾ Between 
– Giữa hai điểm trong không gian: Toronto lies between Montreal and 
Vancouver. 
– Giữa hai điểm thời gian: between Christmas and New Year's Day 
– trong một nhóm hai người: The money was shared between two people. 
¾ Beyond 
– trên: The mountains lie beyond the horizon. 
– vượt quá: That was beyond my expectations. 
¾ By 
– gần: a house by the sea 
– vượt qua: He waved as he drove by the house. 
– trước: Try to finish the work by next week. 
– theo một đơn vị nào đó: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight 
– bằng, bởi: travel by plane; written by him 
¾ Concerning 
– về, liên quan đến: He studies everything concerning trees. 
¾ Despite 
– mặc dù: We walked downtown despite the rain. 
¾ Down 
– xuống phía dưới: The ball rolled down the hill. 
– cuối: He lives down the street. 
¾ During 
– suốt một khoảng thời gian: She works during the day. 
– một thời điểm nào đó trong một khoảng thời gian: An accident occurred during 
the night. 
¾ For 
– trong khoảng thời gian: We walked for two hours. 
– khoảng cách: I walked for five kilometers. 
– mục đích: I bought this jacket for you. 
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– tới đâu đó: She left for New York. 
– tán thành, ủng hộ: We are for the proposal. 
– so với: The boy is clever for his age. 
¾ From 
– từ một nơi nào đó: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico 
– bắt đầu từ một thời gian nào đó: from now on; from yesterday until today 
– từ một lượng nào đó: From 20 to 30 people were present. 
– nguyên nhân: He suffers from nervousness. 
– nguồn (từ ai đó): I first heard the story from you. 
¾ In 
– ở một nơi nào đó: in London; in Europe 
– trong một địa điểm: in the room; in the building 
– vào tháng, năm: That happened in March, in 1992. 
– trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định: I will return in an hour. 
– bằng: write in pencil; speak in English 
– tình trạng, điều kiện: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret 
– thành viên của…: He is in the orchestra; in the navy 
– mặc: the boy in the blue shirt 
– về, có liên quan đến: lacking in ideas; rich in oil 
¾ Into 
– vào bên trong We stepped into the room. 
– thay đổi tình trạng: The boy changed into a man. 
¾ Like 
– giống: That looks like him. 
– như thể: It looks like rain. 
¾ Of 
– vị trí: east of here; the middle of the road 
– sở hữu: a friend of mine; the sound of music 
– một phần của một nhóm: one of us; a member of the team 
– đo lường: a cup of milk; two meters of snow 
¾ On 
– trên (chạm vào nhau): on the table; on the wall 
– ngày xác định: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June. 
– con đường xác định: on South Street 
– về: a book on engineering 
– một trạng thái hoặc tình trạng: on strike; on fire; on holiday 
– nhờ, bằng: live on a pension; shown on television 
¾ Out of 
– ra khỏi: She went out of the room. 
– trong số: We won two games out of three. 
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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Luyện thi Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009 
– chất liệu: The bridge is made out of steel. 
– ra khỏi: out of control; out of danger 
¾ Over 
– cao hơn, trên: There are cupboards over the sink. 
– bao phủ: We spread an extra blanket over the bed. 
– qua: I jumped over a puddle. 
– nhiều hơn: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour 
– trong khoảng: I saw him several times over the past week. 
– bằng: We made plans over the telephone. 
¾ With 
– cùng với: He came with her; I have my keys with me. 
– có, chứa: Here is a book with a map of the island. 
– bằng, sử dụng: I repaired the shoes with glue. 
– cách thức: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty 
– bởi vì: We were paralyzed with fear. 
¾ Within 
– trong vòng: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer 
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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Luyện thi Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009 
III. CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC 
Bài tập: Điền một giới từ thích hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống trong những câu sau: 
1. He lives.............. Ha Tay. 
2. He went............. his friend's house. 
3. I'm going to stay ............home this weekend. 
4. Joanna works ............the hospital. 
5. Why don't we go ................the movies tonight? 
6. We stayed .............the Mieszko Hotel. 
7. I'll be .............school later today. 
8. He's been working ..................three weeks. 
9. I fell asleep ...............the film. 
10. We talked ................an hour. 
11. Let's meet .................seven o'clock. 
12. He was born .................July. 
13. I went there ................1998. 
14. She'll be at work ...............Thursday. 
15. We met ................Christmas day. 
16. They drove to Barlinek ................September 15th. 
17. We arrived in this country ...............September. 
18. I love to go shopping ................Christmas time. 
19. What do you like doing .....................weekends. 
20. I lived in Holland ....................the 1990s. 
21. I'll see you ...................a few weeks. 
22. She wasn't short, she wasn't tall; she was ...................average height. 
23. What are you going to buy Hania .....................her birthday? 
24. The police are looking ....................a tall, black man who was seen standing outside 
the bank just before the robbery took place. 
25. The teacher asked the class to do the exercise................... the bottom of page 12. 
26. As a child I was always ashamed ................my parents because they were 
uneducated. 
27. I was always very good................. Geography when I was at school. 
28. We arrived ..............Gorzów at 3.30 in the morning. 
29. I didn't see you ........................the party on Saturday. 
30. He saw her as the most attractive woman ...............the world. 
Đáp án: 
1. in 2. to 3. at 4. in 
5. to 6. in/ at 7. at 8. for 
9. during 10. in 11. at 12. in 
13. in 14. on 15. on 16. on 
17. in 18. at 19. at 20. in 
21. in 22. of 23. for 24. for 
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Chuyên đề Luyện thi Tốt nghiệp THPT và Luyện thi Đại học, Cao đẳng 2009 
25. at 26. of 27. at 28. at 
29. at 30. in 
IV. BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ 
Bài tập: Điền một giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống: 
1. Mr. Martin is responsible ………………. recruitment. 
2. I'm sorry but I don't understand the reason …………….. the increase …………. price. 
3. In this company, salaries depend ………….. the level of responsibility. 
4. You have to pay ………….. the tickets the day you order them. 
5. Our new Chairman reminds me …………….. my old history teacher. 
6. Do you think the report could be translated ………… English for the meeting 
tomorrow? 
7. Thank you for offering to help. It's very kind …………… you. 
8. Look ………….. the woman …………. the picture. Who is she? 
9. The manager didn't take part …………. the discussion. He didn't want to intervene. 
10. It's no use taking him to the Louvre. He isn't interested …………….. art. 
11. The food in Japan is very different …………….. European food. 
12. I don't agree ……………. you. …………… my opinion you're wrong. 
13. John was late for the meeting as usual. That's typical ……………. him. 
14. We should invite Pete to the party. He's very good ………….. telling jokes. 
15. The car crashed ………….. a fence ……………. the other side of the road. 
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Thị Tâm 
Nguồn: Hocmai.vn 
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