Câu giả định (subjunctive)

d he have woken us yesterday if we had slept in?1. If he were here now he _______ not ___________ to help us. (to hesitate)2. I ___________________ the book last week if I had known you wanted it. (to finish)3. ______ you ______________ to him last night if you had seen him? (to speak)4. If they were old enough, they __________________ the contest next week. (to enter)5. ______ she not ____________ a vacation now if she had more time? (to take)6. If he had sent a message, we ______________________ it two days ago. (to receive)7. I ____________________ it if you came with me now. (to appreciate)8. ______ she not ________ grateful if we offered to help her tomorrow? (to be)9. ______ he _____________ yesterday if he had entered the race? (to win)10. _______ they not __________________ more books last month if they had noticed the stock was low? (to order)11. _______ she not ___________ us now if she knew where we lived? (to visit)12. _______ you _________________ cucumbers yesterday if they had been on sale? (to buy)
10. For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Simple Past Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:      If he ____ in town, he would call us. (to be)      If he were in town, he would call us.      Would you go to the party if you ________ an invitation? (to receive)      Would you go to the party if you received an invitation?      If he ___ not ____ his work, he would find another job. (to like)      If he did not like his work, he would find another job.1. If he ________ rich, he would travel. (to be)2. _________ I not anxious to meet him, I would stay at home. (to be)3. He would have more free time if he ______ not _________ so hard. (to work)4. If I _________ a car, I would visit Cape Breton. (to have)5. We would take the bus if it _________ to snow. (to begin)6. If you _________ him, you would surely recognize him. (to see)7. I would not confide in him if I _______ not _________ him. (to trust)8. If we _______ not _________ time, we would let you know. (to have)9. If he _____________ an expedition, I would certainly join it. (to organize)10. I would not worry about it if I _________ you. (to be)
11. For each of the following sentences, complete the subordinate clause with the Past Perfect Subjunctive of the verb shown in brackets. For example:      If I __________ him to do it, he would have obeyed me. (to order)      If I had ordered him to do it, he would have obeyed me.      Had it not ______ yesterday, we would have raked the leaves. (to snow)      Had it not snowed yesterday, we would have raked the leaves.1. I would not have got lost if I ______________ the map. (to study)2. _______ he _________ at home, we would have visited him. (to be)3. We would have invited him if we ________________ he would come. (to think)4. He would have applied for the job if he _______________ the advertisement. (to see)5. We would not have ordered tea, ______ we __________ how late it was. (to know)6. ______ it not __________, they would have held the party in the park. (to rain)7. We would have agreed with you if we _________________ what you meant. (to understand)8. If you _____________ salt on the steps, they would not have been so slippery. (to put)9. ______ he ___________ to us, we would have known when to expect him. (to write)10. If he ________________ to take the course, he would have had to work hard. (to choose)
12. The following statements contain false or improbable conditions. Paying attention to the underlined adverbs indicating time, complete the subordinate clauses with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. Use the Simple Past Subjunctive for actions pertaining to the present or the future, and use the Past Perfect Subjunctive for actions pertaining to the past. For example:      If she ____ here now, she would be admiring the rose bushes. (to be)      If she were here now, she would be admiring the rose bushes.      ___ he ______ here last week, we would have met him. (to stay)      Had he stayed here last week, we would have met him.1. If he _________ here now, we would ask his opinion. (to be)2. We would have forgotten our tickets last night, if she ____not ________ us. (to remind)3. _____ I ________ earlier, I would have arrived on time yesterday. (to leave)4. Would you visit Spain next summer, if you _________ enough money? (to have)5. If it _________________ yesterday, we would not need to water the lawn. (to rain)6. If he _________ you last Wednesday, he would have asked your advice. (to see)7. If they __________ to leave now, they would need special permission. (to want)8. _____ they _________ of the concert yesterday, they would have arranged to go. (to know)9. Would you not have stayed longer last week, if you ___________ able to? (to be)10. If they ____________ the letter tomorrow, they would receive an answer in two weeks. (to write)11. If he _____________ the book now, he would enjoy it. (to read)12. If we _____________ more attention yesterday, we would know what time to be there. (to pay)
13. Change each of the following sentences from a statement containing a probable condition to a statement containing a false or improbable condition. Following the model of the examples, change the underlined verb in the subordinate clause from the Simple Present Indicative to the Simple Past Subjunctive; and change the underlined verb in the main clause from the Simple Future to the Simple conjugation with would. For example:      If she is angry, she will scold us.      If she were angry, she would scold us.      If he wins, we will congratulate him.      If he won, we would congratulate him.      They will join us, if we send them a message.      They would join us, if we sent them a message.1. If they want to see you, they will come to the party.2. If he is curious, he will ask what we are doing.3. She will help us, if she has time.4. If they work hard, they will succeed.5. If I find the culprits, I will teach them a lesson.6. If she recognizes us, she will wave.7. They will treat you well, if you are honest with them.8. If she likes you, she will tell you.9. If he is ready, we will invite him to come.10. If they see me, they will want to speak to me.
14. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blanks with the Imperative form of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:      ____ the door. (to open)      Open the door.      Don't ______ to come. (to forget)      Don't forget to come.1. Don't __________ out late. (to stay)2. Please _________ ready on time. (to be)3. Don't ___________ about that. (to worry)4. _________ your own business! (to mind)5. _________ careful not to trip. (to be)6. Do not ____________ everything you hear. (to believe)7. Always ___________ both ways before crossing the street. (to look)8. You __________ here while I go into the store. (to wait)9. __________ me! (to excuse)10. _________ me a postcard if you have time. (to send)
ANSWERS for CHAPTER 9. THE SUBJUNCTIVE
Answers to Exercise 1:1. be 2. open 3. leave 4. accompany 5. fly 6. be 7. take 8. be 9. remain 10. find 11. learn 12. completeAnswers to Exercise 2:1. had, lost 2. had, forgotten 3. had shown 4. had given 5. had snowed 6. had, opened 7. had heard 8. had knownAnswers to Exercise 3:1. were 2. were 3. knew 4. wanted 5. felt 6. were 7. were 8. foundAnswers to Exercise 4:1. would make 2. would help 3. would come 4. would hurry 5. would open 6. would wait 7. would write 8. would joinAnswers to Exercise 5:1. were 2. had been 3. would come 4. had left 5. would come 6. had arrived 7. would visit 8. were 9. had helped 10. were 11. would win 12. had made 13. were 14. were 15. would telephoneAnswers to Exercise 6:1. Were he here, he would lend us his car. 2. Had I remembered their address, I would have sent them a card. 3. Were we not waiting for a telephone call, we would go downtown. 4. Had they recognized her, they would have spoken to her. 5. Had I been intending to go shopping, I would have let you know. 6. Had you seen the movie, you would have liked it. 7. Were it not snowing, we would go out. 8. Had he been shoveling the walk, we would have seen him.Answers to Exercise 7:1. would, stop 2. would, be 3. Would, let 4. would, want 5. would change 6. Would, order 7. Would, agree 8. would, driveAnswers to Exercise 8:1. would, have begun 2. would, have drunk 3. would, have missed 4. would, have returned 5. would, have left 6. would have found 7. would, have gone 8. would have lainAnswers to Exercise 9:1. would, hesitate 2. would have finished 3. Would, have spoken 4. would enter 5. Would, take 6. would have received 7. would appreciate 8. Would, be 9. Would, have won 10. Would, have ordered 11. Would, visit 12. Would, have boughtAnswers to Exercise 10:1. were 2. Were 3. did, work 4. had 5. began 6. saw 7. did, trust 8. did, have 9. organized 10. wereAnswers to Exercise 11:1. had studied 2. Had, been 3. had thought 4. had seen 5. had, known 6. Had, rained 7. had understood 8. had put 9. Had, written 10. had chosenAnswers to Exercise 12:1. were 2. had, reminded 3. Had, left 4. had 5. had rained 6. had seen 7. wanted 8. Had, known 9. had been 10. wrote 11. read 12. had paidAnswers to Exercise 13:1. If they wanted to see you, they would come to the party. 2. If he were curious, he would ask what we are doing. 3. She would help us, if she had time. 4. If they worked hard, they would succeed. 5. If I found the culprits, I would teach them a lesson. 6. If she recognized us, she would wave. 7. They would treat you well, if you were honest with them. 8. If she liked you, she would tell you. 9. If he were ready, we would invite him to come. 10. If they saw me, they would want to speak to me.Answers to Exercise 14:1. stay 2. be 3. worry 4. Mind 5. Be 6. believe 7. look 8. wait 9. Excuse 10. Send