Câu Điều kiện và wish

 Unit 7. Câu Điều kiện và wish
A. Câu điều kiện
I- Mấy lưu ý về câu điều kiện:
v Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện và một phần còn lại nêu lên kết quả hay được gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
 Ex: If it rains, I will stay at home.
 v Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ được cho nhau
 Ex: You will pass the exam if you work hard.
 II- Các loại câu điều kiện:
Type 1: Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Main clause
If-clause
 Will
 Can + V(bare-inf)
 Shall
 May
Simple present(V1)
Simple present (nếu chỉ 1 sự thật)
Ex: If I have enough money, I will buy a new car.
Type 2: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai - ước muốn ở hiện tại. (Nhưng thực tế khổng thể xảy ra được).
Main clause
If-clause
 Could
 Would + V (bare-inf)
 Should
 Might
Past subjunctive
(quá khứ giả định)
(V2; beà were)
Ex: If I had millions of US dollars now, I would give you a half.
( I have some money only now) 
 If I were the president, I would build more hospitals.
Type 3: Điều kiện không thể xảy ra trong quá khứ - mang tính ước muốn trong quá khứ. (nhưng thực tế khổng thể xảy ra được).
Main clause
If-clause
 Could
 Would	+ have + V3
 Should
 Might
Past perfect subjunctive
(quá khứ hoàn thành giả định)
(had + V3)
Ex: If they had had enough money, they would have bought that villa.
If we had found him earlier, we might/could saved his life.
If not = Unless.
- Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện - lúc đó Unless = If not. 
Ví dụ: Unless we start at once, we will be late.
If we don't start at once we will be late. 
 	Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams. 
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams. 
- Provided ( that ), on condition ( that ), as long as, so long as ( miễn là, với điều kiện là); suppose, supposing ( giả sử như), in case ( trong trường hợp), even if ( ngay cả khi, dù cho)…: có thể dùng thay cho IF trong câu điều kiện.
Ex: In case I forger, please remind me of my promise
BÀI TẬP:
 Bài 1: Cho dang đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
If I see him, I (give) him a gift.
If I had a typewriter, I (type) it muself.
If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly.
If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it you.
If you (arrive) 10 minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree.
I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam.
If she had asked you, you (accept)?
Bài 2: Sử dụng UNLESS thay thế IF:
If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another.
I’ll not be able to do any work if I do not have a quiet room.
If she does not hurry, she’ll be late.
If we had more rain, our crops would be better.
The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher.
If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
If she did her hair differently she would look quite nice.
If John had played for our football team, we would nothave lost the game.
If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
Bài 3: Lập câu điều kiện không có liên từ:
If were you, I’d accept the job.
If he had known your telephone number he would have rung you.
If it were nice, we would go for a walk.
Scientists think that men could live on the moon if there were air and water on it.
What would you do if today were a holiday?
Bài 4: Lập câu điều kiện theo những dữ kiện cho trước:
Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up.
Because you don’t leave immediately, I call a policeman.
I don’t know her number, so I don’s ring her up.
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
Smoking makes him so weak.
Without money, he wouldn’t have bought such a big house.
Go right now or you’ll be late for the train.
We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
The heavy rain kept everybody from going out.
This chair is too heavy for him to move.
B. Cách sử dụng wish
to wish: ước muốn
+ to wish for st: ước muốn cái gì
EX: They wish for a house
+ to wish to do: ước muốn làm gì
EX: He wishes to meet her again
+to wish (that) S + V
Gồm 3 trường hợp:
Diễn tả ước muốn về tương lai, than phiền…
To wish (that) S + V (would)
( Chú ý: với điều kiện 2 vế phải khác chủ ngữ )
EX: I wish it wouldn’t rain tomorrow.
 I wish you would stop making so much noise.
Diễn tả ước muốn trái với hiện tại
To wish (that) S + V (QKĐ/QKTD) (were cho các ngôi)
Ex: I wish I were you.
 I wish it were raining now.
Diễn tả ước muốn trái với quá khứ
To wish (that) S + V (QKHT/QKHTTD)
Ex: I wish I had done homewwork yesterday.
Cách viết câu:
+ Ta sử dụng to wish thay cho:
sorry
What a pity that!
It’s a pity that
To regret
 Ex: What a pity that I forgot her number
 à I wish I didn’t forget/ remembered her number
 I’m sorry that I don’t have any free time
 à I wish I had some free time
 Please don’t speak so loudly
 à I wish you wouldn’t speak so loudly
If only: giá như, giá mà
If only (= I wish) S + V: chia ra 3 trường hợp như trên
 EX: I feel sorry for those hungry children. If only there were peace in the world
BÀI TẬP:
Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
She wwishes her pether (be) here now to help her.
I wish you (not give) them my phone number yesterday.
I wish they (visit) us when thay were in town.
I wish someone (give) me a job next month.
I wish I (can take) the trip to Hanoi with her next summer.
We wish we (understand) all the teacher’s explanation yesterday.
He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he (watch) it.
I wish she (come) to see me yesterday.
I wish that someday I (be) able to marry her.
I wish I (have) more time to do this job.