Câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THẬT Ở QUÁ KHỨ 
If I had known...I wish I had known... 
A. Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau: 
Tháng trước Gary phải nằm viện để phẫu thuật. Liz không biết điều này, vì vậy nên 
cô ấy không đến thăm anh. Họ mới gặp vài ngày trước. Liz nói: 
If I had known you were in hospital, I would have gone to visit you. 
Liz nói: If I had known you were in hospital Tình huống thực tế đó là cô ấy 
không biết anh nằm viện 
When you are talking about the past, you use if + had ('d) (if I had 
known/been/done etc.): 
- I didn't see you when you passed me in the street. If I'd seen you, of course I 
would have said hello. (but I didn't see you) 
- I decided to stay at home last night. I would have gone out if I hadn't been so 
tired. (but I was tired) 
- If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn't have walked into the 
wall. (but he wasn't looking) 
- The view was wonderful. If I'd had a camera, I would have taken some 
photographs. (but I didn't have a camera) 
So sánh: 
- I'm not hungry. If I was hungry, I would eat something. (now) 
- I wasn't hungry. If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something. (past) 
B. Không sử dụng would trong mệnh đề có if của câu. Chúng ta sử dụng would 
trong mệnh đề kia của câu: 
- If I had seen you, I would have said hello. (không nói ‘If I would have seen 
you’) 
Chú ý rằng 'd có thể là would hoặc had: 
- If I'd seen you. (I'd seen = I had seen) 
- I'd have said hello. (I'd have said = I would have said) 
C. Chúng ta sử dụng had (done) theo cùng một cách sau wish. I wish something 
had happened = I am sorry that it didn't happen: 
- I wish I'd known that Gary was ill. I would have gone to see him. (but I didn't 
know) 
- I feel sick. I wish I hadn't eaten so much cake. (I ate too much cake) 
- Do you wish you had studied science instead of languages? (you didn't study 
science) 
- The weather was cold while we were away. I wish it had been warmer. 
Không sử dụng would have sau wish trong những câu này: 
- I wish it had been warmer. (không nói ‘I wish it would have been’) 
D. So sánh would (do) và would have (done): 
- If I had gone to the party last night, I would be tired now. (I am not tired now - 
present) 
- If I had gone to the party last night, I would have met lots of people. (I didn't 
meet lots of people - past) 
 So sánh would have, could have và might have: