Cách sử dụng some, any, how much

1. ĐI MUA HÀNG - SHOPPING
Khi bạn đi mua hàng, người bán hàng thường hỏi 
Can I help you?
Khi đó bạn có thể nói những gì bạn muốn mua.
ATTENDANT 2 
Can I help you?
ANNE
Some of these leeks. 
Người bán hàng cũng có thể nói 
Who’s next, please?
Nếu đến lượt bạn được phục vụ, bạn có thể nói bạn muốn mua gì. 
Sẽ lịch sự khi nói:
Could I have......
or
Can I have..... 
ATTENDANT 
Who’s next please?
ANNE
Could I have some prawns please?
Nếu bạn mua nhiều hàng, người bán hàng sẽ hỏi: 
Is that all?
or
Will that be all?
or
Something else?
Điều này có nghĩa là bạn có thể mua thêm hàng:
ATTENDANT 2 
Will that be all?
ANNE
Yes thanks.
ATTENDANT 2
Something else?
ANNE
Some ginger. 
We say no if we want more when asked Will that be all? 
Will that be all?
No, I’ll have some apples as well. 
Bạn trả lời yes hoặc chỉ nói bạn muốn mua thêm gì khi được hỏi Something else? 
Something else? 
Yes, some apples. 
Bạn trả lời như sau nếu không muốn mua thêm: 
Will that be all?
Yes thanks. 
or
Something else?
No, that’s enough.
Để trả tiền, bạn nói 
How much is that, please?
Người bán hàng sẽ trả lời hoặc chỉ nói với bạn
That’ll be five dollars thankyou. 
hay chỉ:
That’ll be five dollars thanks. 
That’ll be nghĩa là “the price is..” - "giá là...", or “could you please give me” - "cô có thể đưa cho tôi...."
ATTENDANT 
That’ll be ten dollars thankyou.
ATTENDANT 2
That’ll be four dollars thanks.
2. SOME & ANY
Ta dùng some cho số lượng không xác định hay không chính xác. 
I want some sleep.
I want some ham please.
ANNE 
Could I have some prawns please?
ATTENDANT 2
Can I help you?
ANNE
Some of these leeks.
ATTENDANT 2
Something else?
ANNE
Some ginger.
Bạn có thể dùng some và any trong câu hỏi về số lượng: 
Do you have some milk?
Do you have any milk?
ANNE 
Do you have any bean sprouts?
Trong các câu trả lời khẳng định, dùng some: 
Do you have any milk?
Yes we have some. 
Các câu khẳng định cũng dùng some.
I want some dinner. 
Ta dùng any cho các câu trả lời phủ định
Do you have some milk?
No, we don’t have any.
hay cho các câu phủ định 
You’re not getting any dinner. 
3. HOW MUCH & HOW MANY 
Ta hỏi how much? cho những vật ta đo lường hay cân nặng. 
How much sugar do you want?
One kilogram.
How much of this cloth do we need?
Two metres.
How much time does it take?
An hour.
ATTENDANT 2 
How much would you like?
ANNE
About a hundred grams.
ATTENDANT
How much do you need?
ANNE
About five hundred grams please. 
Bạn hỏi how many? khi muốn biết số lượng của các vật. 
How many presenters are there on Living English? 
Two
How many bananas do you want?
Six. 
ANNE 
Some of these leeks.
ATTENDANT 2
How many love?
ANNE
Three. 
4. A FEW, MANY & A DOZEN 
Ta nói a few khi số lượng các vật là ít. 
I need a few minutes to get dressed.
I only want a few apples. 
Ta dùng few cho các vật có thể đếm được.
There’s only a few clouds in the sky. 
Dùng many với nghĩa là nhiều
There are many matches in a box.
There are many fish in the sea. 
Nói a dozen với nghĩa là mười hai (12).
Eggs are sold as a dozen (12) or a half a dozen (6).
Can I have a dozen eggs please?
ANNE goes shopping at the Market.
ANNE waits at the counter of the fish shop.
ATTENDANT: Who’s next please?[
ANNE: Could I have some prawns please?
ATTENDANT: Fresh, frozen or cooked?
ANNE: Frozen please.
ATTENDANT: How much do you need?
ANNE: About five hundred grams please.
He weighs and wraps the prawns.
ATTENDANT: That’ll be ten dollars thankyou. 
ANNE: Thankyou.
ATTENDANT 2: Can I help you?
ANNE: Some of these leeks.
ATTENDANT 2: How many love?
ANNE: Three.
ATTENDANT 2: Something else?
ANNE: Some ginger.
ATTENDANT 2: Right there love.
ANNE: Oh, right. Just this piece please.
ATTENDANT 2: Okay.
ANNE: Do you have any bean sprouts?
ATTENDANT 2: Yes we do. How much would you like?
ANNE: About a hundred grams.
ATTENDANT 2: Will that be all?
ANNE: Yes thanks.
ATTENDANT 2: That’ll be four dollars thanks.
ANNE: Thankyou.
Through the crowd Anne sees a young man who looks familiar. Could it be David, her long-lost brother?