Academic Vocabulary

Equipping yourself with the relevant academic vocabulary will give you a head

start in your university studies. Especially if you’re a second language learner of

English, studying in a foreign language can be very difficult and time-consuming.

In order to do well, you may want to consider the following ways of learning academic vocabulary more effectively.

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crime in the area since the teen centre 
opened up. 
3. If we all appear _____________, I’m sure we’ll be able to negotiate a good deal with the sales agent. 
4. It can be quite difficult to really define _____________ ideas, such as ‘trust’ or ‘faith’. 
5. My wife has great _____________ because she practises yoga on a daily basis. 
6. The Dutch foreign _____________ attended to the needs of the victims of the American tornado. 
7. It was my _____________ that she was talking to me; I could be wrong though. 
8. The boss gave me specific _____________ to send the report to you as soon as it was complete. 
9. Reading lots of journals really _____________ my knowledge and grasp of academic vocabulary. 
10. We made a digital _____________ of our baby’s first sounds to send to my parents. 
Words to choose from: 
ANSWERS are available on sublist 6 on page 5 of this document. The numbers show the correct answers to the 
above questions. 
Learning Skills 
First Year Experience 
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au  
 tape abstract flexibility incidence presumed 
 cooperate attach instructed enhanced ministered 
3 
 Academic Word Lists (AWL)... 
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Sublist 2 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus. 
Learning Skills 
First Year Experience 
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au  
analysis 
approach 
area 
assessment 
assume 
authority 
available 
benefit 
concept 
consistent 
constitutional 
context 
contract 
create 
data 
definition 
derived 
distribution 
economic 
environment 
established 
estimate 
evidence 
export 
factors 
financial 
formula 
function 
identified 
income 
indicate 
individual 
interpretation 
involved 
issues 
labour 
legal 
legislation 
major 
method 
occur 
percent 
period 
policy 
principle 
procedure 
process 
required 
research 
response 
role 
section 
sector 
significant 
similar 
source 
specific 
structure 
theory 
variable 
achieve 
acquisition 
administration 
affect 
appropriate 
aspects 
assistance 
categories 
chapter 
commission 
community 
complex 
computer 
conclusion 
conduct 
consequences 
construction 
consumer 
credit 
cultural 
design 
distinction 
elements 
equation 
evaluation 
features 
final 
focus 
impact 
injury 
institute 
investment 
items 
journal 
maintenance 
normal 
obtained 
participation 
perceived 
positive 
potential 
previous 
primary 
purchase 
range 
region 
regulations 
relevant 
resident 
resources 
restricted 
security 
sought 
select 
site 
strategies 
survey 
text 
traditional 
transfer 
4 
 Academic Word Lists (AWL)... 
Sublist 3 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Sublist 4 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Learning Skills 
First Year Experience 
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au  
alternative 
circumstances 
comments 
compensation 
components 
consent 
considerable 
constant 
constraints 
contribution 
convention 
coordination 
core 
corporate 
corresponding 
criteria 
deduction 
demonstrate 
document 
dominant 
emphasis 
ensure 
excluded 
framework 
funds 
illustrated 
immigration 
implies 
initial 
instance 
interaction 
justification 
layer 
link 
location 
maximum 
minorities 
negative 
outcomes 
partnership 
philosophy 
physical 
proportion 
published 
reaction 
registered 
reliance 
removed 
scheme 
sequence 
sex 
shift 
specified 
sufficient 
task 
technical 
techniques 
technology 
validity 
volume 
access 
adequate 
annual 
apparent 
approximated 
attitudes 
attributed 
civil 
code 
commitment 
communication 
concentration 
conference 
contrast 
cycle 
debate 
despite 
dimensions 
domestic 
emerged 
error 
ethnic 
goals 
granted 
hence 
hypothesis 
implementation 
implications 
imposed 
integration 
internal 
investigation 
job 
label 
mechanism 
obvious 
occupational 
option 
output 
overall 
parallel 
parameters 
phase 
predicted 
principal 
prior 
professional 
project 
promote 
regime 
resolution 
retained 
series 
statistics 
status 
stress 
subsequent 
sum 
summary 
undertaken 
5 
 Academic Word Lists (AWL)... 
Sublist 5 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the fifth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Sublist 6 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the sixth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Learning Skills 
First Year Experience 
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au  
academic 
adjustment 
alter 
amendment 
aware 
capacity 
challenge 
compounds 
conflict 
consultation 
contact 
decline 
discretion 
draft 
enable 
energy 
enforcement 
entities 
equivalent 
evolution 
expansion 
exposure 
external 
clause 
facilitate 
fundamental 
generated 
generation 
image 
liberal 
licence 
logic 
perspective 
marginal 
medical 
mental 
modified 
monitoring 
network 
notion 
objective 
orientation 
precise 
prime 
psychology 
pursue 
ratio 
sustainable 
rejected 
revenue 
stability 
styles 
substitution 
symbolic 
target 
transition 
trend 
version 
welfare 
whereas 
abstract (4) 
accurate 
acknowledged 
aggregate 
allocation 
assigned 
attached 
author 
bond 
brief 
capable 
cited 
cooperative (3) 
discrimination 
display 
diversity 
domain 
edition 
enhanced 
estate 
exceed 
expert 
explicit 
federal 
fees 
flexibility (5) 
furthermore 
gender 
ignored 
incentive 
incidence (2) 
incorporated 
index 
inhibition 
initiatives 
input 
instructions (8) 
intelligence 
interval 
lecture 
migration 
minimum 
ministry 
 motivation 
neutral 
nevertheless 
overseas 
preceding 
presumption (7) 
rational 
recovery 
revealed 
scope 
subsidiary 
tapes 
trace 
transformation 
transport 
underlying 
utility 
6 
 Academic Word Lists (AWL)... 
Sublist 7 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the seventh most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Sublist 8 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the eighth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Learning Skills 
First Year Experience 
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au  
adaptation 
adults 
advocate 
aid 
channel 
chemical 
classical 
comprehensive 
comprise 
confirmed 
contrary 
converted 
couple 
decades 
definite 
deny 
differentiation 
disposal 
dynamic 
eliminate 
empirical 
equipment 
extract 
file 
finite 
foundation 
global 
grade 
guarantee 
hierarchical 
identical 
ideology 
inferred 
innovation 
insert 
intervention 
isolated 
media 
mode 
paradigm 
phenomenon 
priority 
prohibited 
publication 
quotation 
release 
reverse 
simulation 
solely 
somewhat 
submitted 
successive 
survive 
thesis 
topic 
transmission 
ultimately 
unique 
visible 
voluntary 
abandon 
accompanied 
accumulation 
ambiguous 
appendix 
appreciation 
arbitrary 
automatically 
bias 
chart 
clarity 
conformity 
commodity 
complement 
contemporary 
contradiction 
crucial 
currency 
denote 
detected 
deviation 
displacement 
dramatic 
eventually 
exhibit 
exploitation 
fluctuations 
guidelines 
highlighted 
implicit 
induced 
inevitably 
infrastructure 
inspection 
intensity 
manipulation 
minimised 
nuclear 
offset 
paragraph 
plus 
practitioners 
predominantly 
prospect 
radical 
random 
reinforced 
restore 
revision 
schedule 
tension 
termination 
theme 
thereby 
uniform 
vehicle 
via 
virtually 
widespread 
visual 
7 
 Academic Word Lists (AWL)... 
Sublist 9 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the ninth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
Sublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families 
This sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. 
References: 
Vocabulary Exercises for the Academic Word List:  
Using English for Academic Purposes:  
University of Nottingham, Academic Vocabulary:  
Learning Skills 
First Year Experience 
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au  
accommodation 
analogous 
anticipated 
assurance 
attained 
behalf 
bulk 
ceases 
coherence 
coincide 
commenced 
incompatible 
concurrent 
confined 
controversy 
conversely 
device 
devoted 
diminished 
distortion 
duration 
erosion 
ethical 
format 
founded 
inherent 
insights 
integral 
intermediate 
manual 
mature 
mediation 
medium 
military 
minimal 
mutual 
norms 
overlap 
passive 
portion 
preliminary 
protocol 
qualitative 
refine 
relaxed 
restraints 
revolution 
rigid 
route 
scenario 
sphere 
subordinate 
supplementary 
suspended 
team 
temporary 
trigger 
unified 
violation 
vision 
adjacent 
albeit 
assembly 
collapse 
colleagues 
compiled 
conceived 
convinced 
depression 
encountered 
enormous 
forthcoming 
inclination 
integrity 
intrinsic 
invoked 
levy 
likewise 
nonetheless 
notwithstanding 
odd 
ongoing 
panel 
persistent 
posed 
reluctant 
so-called 
straightforward 
undergo 
whereby 

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