Tiếng Anh - Câu điều kiện (conditional sentences)

+ S + VII .......... 
Had + S + not VII ...... 
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Ví dụ: 
- If it hadn’t been for her money, he wouldn’t have married her. 
 Hadn’t it been for her money, he wouldn’t have married her. 
 Had it not been for her money, he wouldn’t have married her. 
VI. Các từ có thể thay thế cho “If”. 
1. 
- Unless (=if....not) (trừ phi, trừ khi) 
- As/So long as (miễn là) 
 Provided/Providing (that) (miễn là) 
Được sử dụng thay thế cho “If”khi người nói có ý nhấn 
mạnh sự hạn chế 
+ clause, 
(mệnh đề) 
main clause. 
(mệnh đề chính) 
- Supposed/Supposing (giả sử, giả dụ) 
Ví dụ: 
 - If she doesn’t turn up, I will report to the chairman. 
  Unless she turns up, I will report to the chairman. 
 Trừ khi cô ta đến, tôi sẽ báo cáo cho chủ tọa. 
 - As long as you love me, I will do everything for you. 
 Miễn là em yêu anh, anh sẽ làm mọi thứ cho em. 
 - Supposing you lost everything, what would you do? 
 Giả sử bạn mất hết mọi thứ, bạn sẽ làm gì? 
2. 
- Without  But for 
 Were it not for (Type II) Noun (danh từ), main clause. 
 Had it not been for ( Type III) Noun phrase (cụm danh từ), (mệnh đề chính) 
Nếu không có, nếu không nhờ, vì 
Ví dụ: 
 - If you hadn’t given me money at that time, I would have died of hunger. 
  Wihout/But for your money at that time, I would have died of hunger. 
  If it hadn’t been for at that time, I would have died of hunger. 
 Nếu bạn không cho tôi tiền vào lúc đó, chắc tôi đã chết vì đói rồi. 
3. Trong trường hợp, trong tình huống, chẳng may mà, ...... 
-In case of 
(that) 
+ N/Nphr. 
+ clause 
 Trong mệnh đề theo sau “in case”, ta thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn, không 
bao giờ dùng “will” hoặc “would”. 
 In the event of 
that 
+ N/Nphr. 
+ clause 
 On condition that + clause 
Ví dụ: 
 - I keep the keys in case he goes home late. 
 Tôi giữ chìa khóa phòng khi anh ấy về muộn. 
 - In the event of a fire, call 115. 
 Chẳng may mà có cháy, hãy gọi 115. 
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4. Otherwise (nếu không thì) 
Ví dụ: 
 - You must follow the leader’s instructions; otherwise, you get lost. 
 Bạn phải đi theo chỉ dẫn của nhóm trưởng, nếu không bạn sẽ bị lạc. 
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B. BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN. 
I. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 
1. If the weather _____________ , we’ll stay at home. 
 A. get B. gets C. got D. will get 
2. If you touch that dog, it ___________ you. 
 A. would bite B. will bite C. bitten D. bites 
3. Unless you ____________ all your debts, they will sue you. 
 A. have paid B. pays C. paid D. pay 
4. If it _________ this weekend, we’ll go skiing. 
 A. snows B. snow C. will snow D. snowed 
5. If I ____________ find a interesting book, I’ll give it to Hermione. 
 A. could B. can C. will D. had 
6. __________ a prisoner escape, press the alarming button. 
 A. Were B. Had C. Should D. If 
7. If you feel dizzy and tired, ______________ working too hard. 
 A. continued B. will continue C. continue D. don’t continue 
8. If we don’t take any actions now, the epidemic _________ spread. 
 A. must B. shall C. would D. may 
9. You ________ the exam unless you try harder. 
 A. wouldn’t pass B. shall pass C. will pass D. won’t pass 
10. If you give me a good reason for this accident, I _________ it again. 
 A. will never mention B. never mention 
 C. never mentioned D. would never mention 
II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 
11. If I were that shopkeeper, I _____________ more careful. 
 A. would be B. shall be C. will be D. can be 
12. Were you ____________ stuck in that cage, what would you do? 
 A. gotten B. getting C. to get D. get 
13. “If I could lift Mjolnir, I _____________ Thor.” - “No one can lift it, actually.” 
 A. were B. would be C. will be D. am 
14. If I ________________ thinner, I _______________ better at football. 
 A. were - would be B. am - would be 
 C. am - will be D. had been - have been 
15. If I were 2 years older, I ___________ allowed to drive. 
 A. shall be B. can be C. will be D. would be 
16. If everyone _____________ fly,how ______________ the world be? 
 A. can - will B. were to - would 
 C. could - would D. can - would 
17. If we ________ in Sai Gon, the weather _______________ better. 
 A. live - will be B. lived - will be 
 C. lived - would be D. didn’t live - would be 
18. If I _____________________ more money, I would lend you more. 
 A. had had B. have had C. have D. had 
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19. If I didn’t have to sit the national exam, I _________________ all the WC matches. 
 A. can watch B. could watch C. watch D. will watch 
20. If you __________________ less, you could lose weight. 
 A. eating B. eaten C. eat D. ate 
III. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 
21. If you had taken her advice, you _________________ in such trouble. 
 A. wouldn’t have been B. hadn’t been 
 C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be 
22. If I _____________________ more money yesterday, I could have bought that bag. 
 A. had B. had had C. have D. did have 
23. If he _____________ sick, he would have come to my house. 
 A. hasn’t been B. hadn’t been C. had been D. were 
24. __________ it been for flood, we would have reached the mountain. 
 A. Is B. Hadn’t C. Were D. Haven’t 
25. _______________________________ , he wouldn’t have missed the train. 
 A. If he hurried up B. If he hurries up 
 C. If he had hurried up D. If he is hurrying up 
26. If Thor __________ a bargain, Hela wouldn’t have broken his hammer. 
 A. had made B. has made C. makes D. made 
27. I’d have told you if I __________ the keys. 
 A. have seen B. had seen C. saw D. see 
28. Had you ____________ the problem earlier, we wouldn’t have been criticized. 
 A. solved B. solve C. can solve D. could solve 
29. If they _________________ on time, they would have seen that wonderful rainbow. 
 A. came B. come C. had come D. had came 
30. Had he hadn’t taken part in drug-trafficking, he _________ been arrested. 
 A. wouldn’t have B. won’t have C. can have D. might have 
IV. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 
31. If my husband __________ the election, I would be happy now. 
 A. have won B. has won 
 C. had won D. won 
32. If you hadn’t stayed up late last night, you ______________ so sleepy now. 
 A. aren’t B. won’t be 
 C. wouldn’t have been D. wouldn’t be 
33. Had it not been for the system error this morning, I ____________ lunch now. 
 A. will have B. would have had 
 C. can have D. would have 
34. If my mom __________ to change a job last year, she ___________ to China next week. 
 A. didn’t decide - would go B. hadn’t decided - would have gone 
 C. doesn’t decide - will go D. hadn’t decided - would go 
35. You __________ a scientist now if you ____________ the job then. 
 A. may be - had accepted B. might be - had accepted 
 C. may be - accept D. might be - accepted 
36. If he ________ your misbehaviors then, you __________ in trouble now . 
 A. had minded - would be B. minded - would be 
 C. had minded - will be D. minded - would have been 
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37. Had I finished my homework yesterday, I ______________ free now. 
 A. will be B. be 
 C. would be D. am 
38. If she __________ too much last night, she ____________ so dizzy now. 
 A. didn’t drink - wouldn’t be B. hadn’t drunk - wouldn’t be 
 C. doesn’t drink - wouldn’t be D. hadn’t drunk - wouldn’t have been 
39. If I ___________ a table in advance yesterday, I ____________ a luxurious meal now. 
 A. had booked - will have B. had booked - would have had 
 C. booked - would have D. had booked - would have 
40. If you _________ their instructions, we __________ lost now. 
 A. had followed - wouldn’t get B. followed - wouldn’t get 
 C. had followed - wouldn’t have got D. follow - won’t get 
V. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 
41. ________ the earthquake, we could have held a party. 
 A. Because B. In spite of 
 C. But for D. Despite 
42. Her sickness will get worse _____________ . 
 A. in case she takes these pills. B. unless she takes these pills. 
 C. provided she takes these pills. D. if she takes these pills. 
43. _________________ without human? 
 A. How would the world be like B. What will the world be like 
 C. How will the world be for D. What would the world be like 
44. ___________water, there would be no life on earth. 
 A. Despite B. Except 
 C. In case of D. Without 
45. I will lend you more money __________ you promise to pay it back. 
 A. as long as B. unless 
 C. otherwise D. in case 
46. Providing that he _________ to apologize, we ________ nothing about his mistake. 
 A. is willing - would say B. is willing - will say 
 C. was willing - would say D. was willing - will say 
47. Without my mom’s help, I __________ that complicated dress. 
 A. couldn’t finish B. can’t finish 
 C. couldn’t have finished D. wouldn’t finish 
48. Supposing this car broke down, how __________ you fix? 
 A. could B. can 
 C. will D. may 
49. I didn’t know you were sleeping. Otherwise, I ________ the radio. 
 A. hadn’t turned on B. wouldn’t turn on 
 C. didn’t turn on D. wouldn’t have turned on 
50. I locked the door so carefully in case the wind __________ too strong. 
 A. is B. was 
 C. would be D. were 
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ĐÁP ÁN BÀI TẬP TỰ LUYỆN 
1 A 11 A 21 A 31 C 41 C 
2 B 12 C 22 B 32 D 42 B 
3 D 13 B 23 B 33 D 43 D 
4 A 14 A 24 B 34 D 44 D 
5 B 15 D 25 C 35 B 45 A 
6 C 16 C 26 A 36 A 46 B 
7 D 17 C 27 B 37 C 47 C 
8 D 18 D 28 A 38 B 48 A 
9 D 19 B 29 C 39 D 49 D 
10 A 20 D 30 A 40 A 50 B