Modal Perfect và cách dùng

Modal Perfect và cách dùng 
 Để học và nhớ tiếng Anh, thì lý thuyết phải học thường xuyên và thực hành phải 
diễn ra hằng ngày. Và bài viết này sẽ hướng dẫn các bạn cách sử dụng Modal 
Perfect và bài tập ứng dụng đây. 
1. Could, may, might + have + P2 = có lẽ đã 
- Diễn đạt một điều gì đó có thể đã xảy ra hoặc có thể đúng ở quá khứ song người 
nói không dám chắc. 
VD: 
He could have forgotten the ticket for the concert last night. 
(Tối qua, anh ấy có lẽ đã để quên vé cho buổi hòa nhạc.) 
I didn’t hear the telephone ring, I might have been sleeping at that time. 
(Tôi đã không nghe thấy chương điện thoại, lúc đó có lẽ tôi đã ngủ.) 
John might have gone to the movies yesterday. 
(John có lẽ đã đi xem phim ngày hôm qua.) 
- Diễn đạt điều gì đó có thể xảy ra nhưng đã không xảy ra 
VD: 
Why did you leave him come home alone? He might/could have got lost. 
(Sao anh lại để nó đi về nhà một mình? Nó có thể đã bị lạc) → sự thật là nó không 
bị lạc 
2. Should + have + P2 = lẽ ra phải, lẽ ra nên 
Chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lí do nào đó lại không xảy 
ra. 
VD: 
Maria should have called John last night. 
(Lẽ ra tối qua Maria nên gọi cho John.) → nhưng cô ấy đã không gọi 
John should have gone to the post office this morning. 
(Sáng nay John lẽ ra phải đến bưu điện) → nhưng anh ta đã không đến 
The policeman should have made a report about the burglary. 
(Cảnh sát lẽ ra nên viết báo cáo về vụ cướp đó.) → nhưng họ đã không làm 
Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng cụm từ was/were supposed to + V để thay cho should 
+ have + P2 
VD: 
John was supposed to go to the post office this morning. 
The policeman was supposed to make a report about the burglary. 
3. Must + have + P2 = chắc là đã, hẳn là đã 
Chỉ một kết luận logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có đã xảy ra ở quá khứ 
VD: 
The grass is wet. It must have rained last night. 
(Cỏ bị ướt. Chắc hẳn tối qua đã có mưa) 
Jane did very well on the exam. She must have studied hard. 
(Jane đã làm bài kiểm tra rất tốt. Cô ấy chắc hẳn đã học chăm chỉ.) 
 4. Would + have + Past Participle: (đã . . . rồi) dùng trong câu điều kiện loại III. 
VD: 
If I had had enough money, I would have bought that Honda. 
(Nếu tôi có đủ tiền, tôi đã mua chiếc xe Honda ấy.) 
5. Can’t + have + Past Participle: dùng để chỉ một sự việc gần như chắc chắn 
không thể xảy ra. 
VD: 
Last night, Mary can’t have gone out with John because she had to be at home to 
do her homework. 
(Tối qua, Mary không thể đi chơi với John được vì cô ấy phải ở nhà làm bài tập.) 
Nào ta cùng "thực hành" với các bài tập dưới đây nhé ! 
Bài tập: 
I. Choose the correct answer in each of the following sentences according to 
meaning and tense. 
1. If I had a bicycle, I would/ will ride it every day. 
2. George would have gone/would go on a trip to Chicago if he had had time. 
3. Marcela didn’t come to class yesterday. She will have had/may have had an 
accident. 
4. John didn’t do his homework, so the teacher became very angry. John must 
have done/should have done his homework. 
5. Sharon was supposed to be here at nine o’clock. She must have forgotten/must 
forget about our meeting. 
6. Where do you think Juan is today? I have no idea. He should have slept/may 
have slept late. 
7. George missed class today. He might have had/might had had an accident. 
8. Robert arrived without his notebook. He could have lost/would have lost it. 
9. Thomas received a warning for speeding. He should have driven/shouldn’t 
have driven so fast. 
10. Henry’s car stopped on the highway. It may run/may have run out of gas. 
11. That can't have been/shouldn't have beenNick that you saw. 
12. You must have given/might have given me a hand! 
13. I caught a later train because I had to see/must have seen a client. 
14. I suppose Bill should have lost/might have lost his way. 
15. I didn't refuse the cake, as it should have been/would have been rude. 
16. I don't know who rang, but itcould have been/must have been Jim. 
17. It was odd that you should have bought/would have bought the same car. 
18. It's a pity you didn't ask because I can't help/could have helpedyou. 
19. It's your own fault, you can't have/shouldn't have gone to bed so late.[B] 
II. Choose between “must + have + Past participle” and “should + have + Past 
participle” 
1. Hendry was deported for having an expired visa. He (have)____________ his 
visa renewed. 
2. Julietta was absent for the first time yesterday. She (be)___________ sick. 
3. The photos are black. The X rays at the airport (damage)___________ it. 
4. Blanca got parking ticket. She (not, park)______________ in a reserved spot, 
since she had no permit. 
5. Mary did very well on the exam. She (study)_____________ very hard. 
6. Jean did very badly on the exam. She (study)_____________ harder. 
7. German called us as soon as his wife had her baby. He (be)____ very proud. 
8. John isn’t here yet. He (forget)______________ about our meeting. 
9. Alex failed the exam. He (not, study)_____________ enough 
Bài giải 
I. Choose the correct answer in each of the following sentences according to 
meaning and tense. 
1. would 
2. would have gone 
3. may have had 
4. should have done 
5. must have forgotten 
6. may have slept 
7. might have had 
8. could have lost 
9. shouldn’t have driven 
10. may have run 
11. can’t have been 
12. might have given 
13. had to see 
14. might have lost 
15. should have been 
16. could have been 
17. would have bought 
18. could have helped 
19. shouldn’t have gone 
II. Choose between must + have + Past participle and should + have + Past 
participle 
1. should have had 
2. must have been 
3. must have damaged 
4. shouldn’t have parked 
5. must have studied 
6. mustn’t have studied 
7. must have been 
8. must have forgotten 
9. mustn’t have studied